{
  "abstract": "Accurate and real-time monitoring of blood electrolyte composition, particularly sodium (Na⁺) and potassium (K⁺), is crucial for guiding intraoperative and postoperative decisions, as these ions regulate critical bodily functions such as cardiac rhythm and fluid balance. Current blood analysis relies on ex vivo blood sampling, which introduces substantial time delays and can be susceptible to inaccuracies caused by temperature fluctuations. To address these challenges, we report here a multiplexed and implantable fiber sensor (MIFS) capable of monitoring Na⁺ and K⁺ ions in real time directly in the bloodstream. MIFS integrates three parallel liquid metal channels with a multilayer surface-electrode architecture, which synergistically enhances sensitivity, minimizes sensing drift, ensures mechanical flexibility, and offers outstanding biocompatibility for vascular implantation. In vivo testing in rabbit models and validation in human blood samples demonstrate MIFS's superior sensing accuracy, real-time, and stable sensing in agreement with conventional ex vivo measurements. This work paves the way for real-time blood monitoring in clinical practice.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.",
    "The Hong Kong Polytechnic University-Daya Bay Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China.",
    "State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072, China.",
    "The Hong Kong Polytechnic University-Wenzhou Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.",
    "School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.",
    "Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.",
    "School of Flexible Electronics, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.",
    "Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510000, China.",
    "Photonics Research Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.",
    "Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhizhi Wu",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8241-4551"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Fan Chen",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6233-1647"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Jiaheng Liang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2743-7670"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Yufei Zhang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3578-3549"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Qiyao Huang",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8233-1804"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Chi Zhang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9018-0492"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Peng Li",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5876-2177"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Shanghang Li",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-4882-6888"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Haihua Shu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Xin Cheng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Hwa-Yaw Tam"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Yunfei Chai",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7392-594X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        3,
        5,
        9
      ],
      "name": "Zijian Zheng",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6653-7594"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c2k9krbjhmjrk.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.aei9767",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13693693",
  "id": "c2k9krbjhmjrk",
  "issns": [
    "2375-2548"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aei9767",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1502|Analytical Chemistry and Sensors"
    ]
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  "openalex": "W7223411093",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13693693?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13693693",
  "pmid": "42913017",
  "published": "2026-10-23",
  "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c2k9krbjhmjrk.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:41Z",
      "native_id": "10.1126/sciadv.aei9767",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aei9767"
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    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:03Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42913017",
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      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42913017"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1502|Analytical Chemistry and Sensors",
      "subfield": "systems-synthetic"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Multiplexed and implantable fiber sensor for real-time blood monitoring",
  "title_text": "Multiplexed and implantable fiber sensor for real-time blood monitoring",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:03Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c2k9krbjhmjrk",
  "venue": "Science Advances",
  "versions": []
}