{
  "abstract": "Ambient PM 2.5 conditions can differ between origins and destinations during both long-term migration and short-term population mobility, but the magnitude and heterogeneity of these differences remain unclear. Here we quantify migration- and mobility-associated differences in ambient PM 2.5 concentrations in China using a nationally representative survey of ∼170 000 internal migrants and daily inter-city mobility flows derived from Baidu location-based services. We further examine socioeconomic associations using linear regression model. Overall, the survey-weighted mean origin–destination (OD) PM 2.5 difference was −3.29 μ g m ⁻³ , and 57.15% of migrants moved to destinations with lower PM 2.5 concentrations. Migration-associated PM 2.5 differences showed substantial heterogeneity by migration type, distance and household income, with moves to lower-PM 2.5 destinations more common among inter-provincial, longer-distance and higher-income migrants. Regression models further showed that moving to economically stronger destinations did not necessarily correspond to more favorable PM 2.5 differences. At the daily scale, mobility-associated OD PM 2.5 differences shifted markedly during the Spring Festival travel season and followed a regular weekly cycle during non-holiday periods. These findings highlight the importance of considering mobility patterns and their heterogeneity when characterizing population distributions across different ambient pollution environments.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Nantong University",
    "Nanjing University",
    "Peking University",
    "Nanyang Technological University",
    "Hong Kong University of Science and Technology"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Heming Bai",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1874-154X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Minghuai Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Jing Wei"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Steve H L Yim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Dasa Gu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Yang Cao"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c4cr4yzeq0czd.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1088/1748-9326/aeb683",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "c4cr4yzeq0czd",
  "issns": [
    "1748-9326"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aeb683",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "feed-journal",
      "earth/environmental-science"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2307|Air Quality and Health Impacts"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223035163",
  "pdf_url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aeb683/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-28",
  "publisher": "IOP Publishing",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c4cr4yzeq0czd.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:20Z",
      "native_id": "10.1088/1748-9326/aeb683",
      "source": "feed-iop",
      "url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aeb683"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:55Z",
      "native_id": "10.1088/1748-9326/aeb683",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aeb683"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2307|Air Quality and Health Impacts",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Human mobility-associated ambient PM2.5 differences and inequality in China",
  "title_text": "Human mobility-associated ambient PM2.5 differences and inequality in China",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:55Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c4cr4yzeq0czd",
  "venue": "Environmental Research Letters",
  "versions": []
}