{
  "abstract": "Baryonic feedback redistributes gas around dark matter halos, suppressing the matter power spectrum at scales now probed by weak lensing surveys. X-ray observations directly trace this hot gas, and are one of the main probes of its distribution and properties. We present a forward-modelling framework, built on the baryonification model, linking the three-dimensional gas density and temperature profiles of groups and clusters to observed X-ray surface brightness and luminosity profiles on one side, and to matter power spectrum suppression on the other. We validate the model against independent three-dimensional density reconstructions from the literature, and examine our temperature and metallicity treatment in the group-scale regime. Applying this framework to the SZ-selected CHEX-MATE and X-ray-selected eFEDs samples, we measure gas fractions across the group-to-cluster mass range while accounting for X-ray selection effects, with the first published gas fractions based on CHEX-MATE data. Combining both samples, we derive a joint constraint on the hot gas fraction retained by groups and clusters as a function of mass and on the baryonic suppression of the matter power spectrum. We find $f_{\\rm gas} = 0.029 \\pm 0.006$ at $M_{500c} = 3\\times 10^{13}M_\\odot$, $f_{\\rm gas} = 0.078 \\pm 0.004$ at $M_{500c} = 3\\times 10^{14}M_\\odot$, and suppression of 6% at $k=1\\,h/\\rm Mpc$ and 23% at $k=5\\,h/\\rm Mpc$. Our findings are consistent with recent kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich results, hinting at strong feedback. We also show that the $L_X$-$M$ relation is degenerate with feedback strength, and that different feedback scenarios produce distinct X-ray profile shapes that map onto the same $L_X$-$M$ point. This work is a first step toward extending the framework to forward-model diffuse X-ray emission at the map level for simulation-based inference in upcoming wide-area X-ray surveys such as eROSITA.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.09144",
  "author_total": 11,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Jozef Bucko"
    },
    {
      "name": "Andrina Nicola"
    },
    {
      "name": "Aurel Schneider"
    },
    {
      "name": "Michael Kovač"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sambit K Giri"
    },
    {
      "name": "Robert Reischke"
    },
    {
      "name": "Esra Bulbul"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nicolas Clerc"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ang Liu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Iacopo Bartalucci"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alexandre Refregier"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c4mq0dach8yjq.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.09144",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "c4mq0dach8yjq",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05770568v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.CO"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "0.phys"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "1.phys.astr"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3103|Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7212023611",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.09144",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-08",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c4mq0dach8yjq.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:43Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05770568",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05770568v1"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:53Z",
      "native_id": "2609.09144",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.09144"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.CO",
      "subfield": "cosmology"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "hal:0.phys",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Baryonification IV: Constraining baryonic feedback with X-ray gas fractions",
  "title_text": "Baryonification IV: Constraining baryonic feedback with X-ray gas fractions",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:53Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c4mq0dach8yjq",
  "venue": "HAL",
  "versions": []
}