{
  "abstract": "Collagen mineralization is fundamental to bone formation, and this process is widely believed to proceed via an amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-mediated non-classical nucleation pathway. Here we investigated this paradigm using cryogenic electron tomography. The results reveal that the intrafibrillar mineralization of collagen does not rely on the infiltration of ACP, but occurs through a classical heterogeneous nucleation mechanism, which can be accelerated both in vitro and in vivo by increasing the density of the collagen template. The finding not only updates our understanding of collagen mineralization mechanisms, but also provides critical insights for the design of bone regeneration materials.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Macromolecular Science",
    "Fudan University",
    "Department of Orthopaedic Surgery",
    "Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University",
    "Department of Chemistry",
    "Durham University"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Shiwen Cui",
      "orcid": "0009-0006-7874-7130"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Shasha Yao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Keyan Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Chengkun Xing"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mingxing Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Haiqin Du"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Pilan Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Zhao Jiang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jiawei Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Guangrong Zhou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Man Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xiaoyue Hu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yifei Xu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c4s41vp043cca.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.26434/chemrxiv.15010320/v1",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "c4s41vp043cca",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15010320/v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2502|Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221603163",
  "pdf_url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv.15010320/v1",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-12",
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society (ACS)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c4s41vp043cca.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:24Z",
      "native_id": "10.26434/chemrxiv.15010320",
      "source": "chemrxiv",
      "url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15010320/v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2502|Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Classical Nucleation Induced Intrafibrillar Mineralization of Collagen",
  "title_text": "Classical Nucleation Induced Intrafibrillar Mineralization of Collagen",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c4s41vp043cca",
  "venue": "ChemRxiv",
  "versions": []
}