{
  "abstract": "Infection prevention and control (IPC) programs remain inconsistently implemented in Bangladeshi hospitals. However, implementation uptake is rarely evaluated alongside observation of healthcare worker (HCW) practices, limiting understanding of how multi-modal IPC interventions translate into routine clinical practice. This study assessed ward-level uptake and HCW adherence following a World Health Organization (WHO)-aligned multi-modal IPC intervention in Bangladesh. A postintervention comparative study was conducted across six tertiary hospitals. Intervention wards received a multi-modal IPC package, whereas non-intervention wards continued routine practices. Implementation uptake was assessed through ward audits, supply checks, and administrative records. HCW adherence (n = 1426) was measured by questionnaire and verified through direct observation of key IPC practices. IPC adherence scores were significantly higher in intervention wards (70.8% vs 59.4%; mean difference = 11.4 percentage points, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 9.3-13.5; P < 0.001). Intervention wards showed markedly greater uptake of alcohol-based hand rub availability (90.9% vs 29.4%), supervision (90.9% vs 64.7%), and administrative engagement (95.5% vs 11.8%). Observed hand hygiene compliance was higher in intervention wards than in non-intervention wards (35.8% vs 16.4%), though substantially lower than self-reported rates in both groups. Working in an intervention ward was independently associated with an 11.85-point increase in IPC adherence (95% CI = 9.71-13.99; P < 0.001). A WHO-aligned multi-modal IPC intervention was associated with higher implementation uptake, HCW adherence, and observed IPC practices. Persistent discrepancies between reported and observed hand hygiene behaviour highlight the need for objective monitoring in IPC evaluation. These findings support bundled IPC implementation as a feasible strategy for resource-constrained healthcare settings.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh.",
    "Communicable Diseases Control (CDC), Directorate General of Health Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh.",
    "SafetyNet, Dhaka, Bangladesh.",
    "University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shariful Amin Sumon"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mollah Niamul Haque"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tanjeemay Tamanna"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Antara Swarnali Priyanka"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fairoze Masuda Akther"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tasneem Khan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Somona Afrin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Raisa Sadia"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Aninda Rahman"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Syed Abul Hasan Md Abdullah"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Md Mahabub Ul Anwar"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Md Saiful Islam"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Md Golam Dostogir Harun"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c51eh91kezg25.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.infpip.2026.100609",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13743371",
  "id": "c51eh91kezg25",
  "issns": [
    "2590-0889"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42999594",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2725|Infection Control in Healthcare"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220892945",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13743371?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13743371",
  "pmid": "42999594",
  "published": "2026-10-08",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c51eh91kezg25.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T15:20:41Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42999594",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42999594"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2725|Infection Control in Healthcare",
      "subfield": "infectious-disease"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Implementation uptake and healthcare worker adherence following a World Health Organization-aligned multi-modal infection prevention and control intervention in Bangladeshi tertiary hospitals: a multi-centre comparative study.",
  "title_text": "Implementation uptake and healthcare worker adherence following a World Health Organization-aligned multi-modal infection prevention and control intervention in Bangladeshi tertiary hospitals: a multi-centre comparative study.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T15:20:41Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c51eh91kezg25",
  "venue": "Infection prevention in practice",
  "versions": []
}