{
  "abstract": "A key challenge in the design of next-generation colliders is predicting the effects of beam-beam interactions and using these predictions to optimize machine performance. Beam-beam interactions are characterized by strong focusing forces, radiative effects, and the generation of background particles. While analytical formulas provide insight into the dynamics of beam-beam interactions, these nonlinear, coupled effects are most accurately described with numerical methods. In this paper, we introduce the open-source particle-in-cell code WarpX as a modern tool for modeling the interaction point in future lepton colliders. WarpX provides high-performance execution on distributed GPU architectures within an open-source and actively maintained code base. We present convergence scans and benchmarks against the established beam-beam codes GUINEA-PIG (v1.2.2) and CAIN (v2.42) for luminosity spectra, photon emission, and secondary-particle production under a wide range of beam parameters corresponding to different collider concepts. Our results show that WarpX (v26.09) reproduces the benchmark beam-beam observables while enabling GPU-portable, extensible simulations. These results establish WarpX as a scalable platform for high-fidelity beam-beam modeling in future collider studies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.17557",
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Arianna Formenti"
    },
    {
      "name": "Remi Lehe"
    },
    {
      "name": "Axel Huebl"
    },
    {
      "name": "Stepan S. Bulanov"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jens Osterhoff"
    },
    {
      "name": "Andrew Myers"
    },
    {
      "name": "Weiqun Zhang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Spencer Gessner"
    },
    {
      "name": "Peter Kicsiny"
    },
    {
      "name": "Anna Kinderman"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bao Nguyen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jinseo Park"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jean-Luc Vay"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c56awjdeekhgz.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.17557",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "c56awjdeekhgz",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.17557",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.acc-ph"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.comp-ph"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.plasm-ph"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2202|Particle accelerators and beam dynamics"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221788095",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.17557",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-13",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c56awjdeekhgz.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:29:11Z",
      "native_id": "2610.17557",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.17557"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.acc-ph",
      "subfield": "applied-instrumentation"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.comp-ph",
      "subfield": "computational"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.plasm-ph",
      "subfield": "plasma"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A modern particle-in-cell code for beam-beam simulations of future colliders",
  "title_text": "A modern particle-in-cell code for beam-beam simulations of future colliders",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:29:11Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c56awjdeekhgz",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}