{
  "abstract": "Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder that requires therapeutic strategies targeting multiple enzymes involved in carbohydrate-digestion and glucose metabolism, such as α-amylase, α-glucosidase , and aldose reductase . In the present study, a series of twelve new ethyl 5-hydroxy-1-phenyl-4-(phenylcarbamothioyl)-1 H -pyrazole-3-carboxylate derivatives 5(a-l) were synthesized and structurally characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, FT-IR, and Mass spectrometry. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of compound 5e confirmed a monoclinic system with P2 1 /n space group. Further, all the compounds were evaluated for inhibitory activity against α-amylase , α-glucosidase , and aldose reductase . Among the tested compounds, 5j exhibited the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC 50 of 143.20 ± 0.80 μM compared with acarbose (IC 50 = 200.12 ± 2.25 μM), while compound 5k exhibited α-amylase inhibition with an IC 50 of 82.54 ± 0.85 μM , compared with acarbose (120.23 ± 1.2 μM). Compound 5j demonstrated the strongest aldose reductase inhibition ( IC 50 = 15.32 ± 0.94 μM ), which was comparable to that of quercetin ( IC 50 = 16.14 ± 0.93 μ M ). Molecular docking supported the experimental observations by exhibiting favourable interactions of the compounds within the active site of targeted enzymes. Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that the contribution of pyrazole, thioamide, and hydroxyl functionalities to enzyme inhibition. Furthermore, the predicted in silico ADMET studies suggested favourable drug-likeliness and pharmacokinetic properties. Collectively, compounds 5j and 5k represent lead compounds identified for the investigated enzyme targets and warrant further structural optimization and biological evaluation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Studies in Chemistry, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Karnataka, 570 006, India",
    "Department of Chemistry, Poornaprajna College, Shree Adamaru Matha Education Council, Mangalore University, Karnataka, India",
    "Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 015, India",
    "Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 015, India; Co-corresponding author.",
    "Department of Studies in Chemistry, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Karnataka, 570 006, India; Corresponding author."
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Madalambika"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "A.C. Kumar"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "P.M. BharathKumar"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "J. Rangaswamy"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "N. Akshaya Simha"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Ramith Ramu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Nagaraja Naik"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c57ge5cds2jxn.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.rechem.2026.103998",
  "fulltext_url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715626009720",
  "id": "c57ge5cds2jxn",
  "issns": [
    "2211-7156"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2026.103998",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "QD1-999"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1605|Synthesis and biological activity"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223051368",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-30",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c57ge5cds2jxn.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:47:24Z",
      "native_id": "ff7f64ce51c94aaca5941ca65eea5acd",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2026.103998"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1605|Synthesis and biological activity",
      "subfield": "organic"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel pyrazole-phenylcarbamothioyl derivatives as multitarget antidiabetic agents:",
  "title_text": "Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel pyrazole-phenylcarbamothioyl derivatives as multitarget antidiabetic agents:",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:47:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c57ge5cds2jxn",
  "venue": "Results in Chemistry",
  "versions": []
}