{
  "abstract": "Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have improved cancer outcomes, their use can trigger autoimmune toxicities affecting essentially any organ system. In the cardiovascular system, these immune-related adverse events can manifest as myocarditis, pericarditis, accelerated atherosclerosis, vasculitis, arrhythmias, and other conditions. These cardiovascular toxicities are driven by the loss of peripheral tolerance, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Recent murine and human studies, particularly in immune checkpoint inhibitor–associated atherosclerosis and myocarditis, have begun to reveal the cellular and molecular mediators. Disinhibited T cell function is a central driver, but other immune and nonimmune cell types have also been implicated. Multiple inflammatory and chemokine receptor signaling pathways are activated, offering potential targets for intervention. The growing mechanistic understanding of these cardiovascular toxicities has begun to inform new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, though additional prospective trials are needed.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Mass General Brigham Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA",
    "Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA",
    "Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA",
    "Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA",
    "Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary",
    "Cardio-Oncology Program, Heart and Vascular Institute, Mass General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts, USA",
    "Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA",
    "Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA",
    "Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA",
    "Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA",
    "Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA",
    "Section of Cardio-Oncology and Immunology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA",
    "Department of Cardiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA",
    "Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA",
    "Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA",
    "Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Mass General Brigham Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 14,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Kerry L. Reynolds"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Alexandra-Chloé Villani"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Zsófia Dora Drobni"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Tomas G. Neilan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Han Zhu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Noah S. Wagner"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        8,
        9
      ],
      "name": "Justin M. Balko"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Reilly Fankhauser"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Javid J. Moslehi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12
      ],
      "name": "Nicolas L. Palaskas"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13
      ],
      "name": "Kristen E. Pauken"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        14
      ],
      "name": "Bilal A. Siddiqui"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2,
        15
      ],
      "name": "Steven M. Blum"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Daniel A. Zlotoff"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c64xhvmwzj6qa.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.jaccao.2026.09.005",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13699057/",
  "id": "c64xhvmwzj6qa",
  "issns": [
    "2666-0873"
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  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccao.2026.09.005",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Part 1: Cardio-Oncology & Immunology Special Issue"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "State-of-the-Art Review"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2730|Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers"
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  "openalex": "W7223060498",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13699057?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13699057",
  "pmid": "42904619",
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c64xhvmwzj6qa.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:44Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13699057",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccao.2026.09.005"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:57Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42904619",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42904619"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2730|Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers",
      "subfield": "oncology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Immune Responses in Checkpoint Inhibitor–Associated Cardiovascular Immune–Related Adverse Events",
  "title_text": "Immune Responses in Checkpoint Inhibitor–Associated Cardiovascular Immune–Related Adverse Events",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:35:40Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c64xhvmwzj6qa",
  "venue": "JACC: CardioOncology",
  "versions": []
}