{
  "abstract": "The pursuit of sustainable, lightweight, and high-performance materials for structural and fire-critical applications has intensified interest in hybridizing natural and synthetic fibers. However, the mechanistic influence of stacking sequence design in sugar palm fiber (SPF)/woven carbon fiber (WCF) hybrid composites remains insufficiently understood. This study systematically examines nine epoxy-based laminate configurations, including five SPF/WCF hybrids (D1–D5) and four reference systems (D6–D9), to elucidate the role of fiber architecture on multifunctional performance. Mechanical testing revealed that the WCF-only laminate (D6) achieved the highest tensile strength (167.5 MPa) and flexural strength (268 MPa), while hybrid designs D1 (WCF/SPF/WCF) and D4 (WCF/SPF/WCF/SPF/WCF) demonstrated superior toughness and impact resistance (61.11 kJ/m2), confirming the ductility contribution of SPF. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that D1 retained 90.7% of D6’s storage modulus (17.5 GPa), evidencing efficient energy dissipation. Fire performance under UL-94 standards showed all composites achieved V1 classification, with D1 exhibiting a controlled vertical burning rate (8.12 mm/min), outperforming untreated SPF and neat epoxy. These findings establish stacking sequence as a decisive design parameter governing mechanical integrity, thermal stability, and flame retardancy, positioning SPF/WCF hybrids as viable candidates for sustainable, high-performance applications in structural and fire-sensitive environments.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Mohammed Huzaifa Mulla"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mohd Nurazzi Norizan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mohamad Haafiz Mohamad Kassim"
    },
    {
      "name": "Che Ku Abdullah"
    },
    {
      "name": "Norli Abdullah"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim"
    },
    {
      "name": "Muhammad Asyraf Muhammad Rizal"
    },
    {
      "name": "Emin Bayraktar"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c6jew632qyznz.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1080/15440478.2026.2681896",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "c6jew632qyznz",
  "issns": [
    "1544-0478",
    "1544-046X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05704209v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.sde"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "0.spi"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2507|Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7171066101",
  "pdf_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05704209/document",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-07-25",
  "publisher": "Taylor & Francis",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c6jew632qyznz.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:34Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05704209",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05704209v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "hal:0.sde",
      "subfield": "environmental-science"
    }
  ],
  "title": "The Interfacial Effect of Structural Optimization of Sugar Palm and Woven Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites on Mechanical, Thermal, Fire Resistance, and Morphological Performance",
  "title_text": "The Interfacial Effect of Structural Optimization of Sugar Palm and Woven Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites on Mechanical, Thermal, Fire Resistance, and Morphological Performance",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:34Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c6jew632qyznz",
  "venue": "Journal of Natural Fibers",
  "versions": []
}