{
  "abstract": "The deployment of long-term autonomous Internet of Things (IoT) sensor networks is constrained by the finite energy budget of battery-powered nodes. Although Synchronous Duty Cycling (SDC) is widely used to reduce idle-listening energy, its scalability is limited by synchronization overhead and packet collisions. This study quantitatively compares Wake-up Radio (WuR)-assisted communication with SDC and Always-On baselines using a discrete-event simulation framework. The model incorporates long-term battery depletion, stochastic packet generation, collision-induced packet loss, and channel loss over a 365-day horizon. Results from a simulated 50-node network show that, although SDC extends network lifetime to approximately 45 days, its packet loss increases superlinearly and reaches approximately 16% under high-density conditions because of contention within synchronized active windows. In contrast, the WuR-assisted approach maintains packet loss below 1.2% across load levels and retains 34.6% of battery capacity after one year, corresponding to a projected lifetime of more than 1.5 years. With an energy cost of 30.6 mJ per successful packet, WuR achieves a 13.5-fold improvement over SDC. These results indicate that WuR-assisted communication is a more suitable architecture for scalable, latency-sensitive, and ultra-long-lived IoT deployments.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Henan Polytechnic, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China.Henan Engineering Research Center of Fault-Tolerant Server, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China.",
    "Changchun Humanities and Sciences College, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Junlei Dong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Shuai Fu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c78gzdndpnbb3.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.6180/jase.202701_36.045",
  "fulltext_url": "https://jase.tku.edu.tw/jase/?tkuisotope=jase-202701-36-045",
  "id": "c78gzdndpnbb3",
  "issns": [
    "2708-9967",
    "2708-9975"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.6180/jase.202701_36.045",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "QC1-999"
    ],
    [
      "lcc",
      "TA1-2040"
    ],
    [
      "lcc",
      "TP155-156"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-31",
  "publisher": "Tamkang University Press",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c78gzdndpnbb3.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T14:22:55Z",
      "native_id": "38648799b4b946e4993ea9c4983302cf",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.6180/jase.202701_36.045"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "lcc:QC1-999",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Wake-up Radio Integration in IoT Sensors: A Simulation Based Analysis of Network Lifetime and Performance Tradeoffs",
  "title_text": "Wake-up Radio Integration in IoT Sensors: A Simulation Based Analysis of Network Lifetime and Performance Tradeoffs",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-02T14:20:20Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c78gzdndpnbb3",
  "venue": "Journal of Applied Science and Engineering",
  "versions": []
}