{
  "abstract": "Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of cardiovascular and neurocognitive complications. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have pleiotropic effects beyond glycemic control, but comparative long-term data on dementia, cardiovascular events, and mortality in older adults are limited.\n\nMethods: This retrospective cohort study used the TriNetX US Collaborative Network. Adults ≥60 years with T2DM on metformin plus either GLP-1 RAs or SGLT2is (n=56,211 per cohort after matching, 2014–2020) were propensity-score matched on demographic and clinical characteristics. Five-year outcomes included incident Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, other dementia, dementia-related medication use, NSTEMI, STEMI, and all-cause mortality.\n\nResults: After propensity-score matching, GLP-1 RA use was associated with higher risks of Alzheimer’s disease (RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.18–1.48), vascular dementia (RR 1.56, 95% CI 1.39–1.76), other dementia (RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.21–1.47), dementia-related medication initiation, and all-cause mortality (RR 1.11, 95% CI 1.08–1.15) compared with SGLT2is. NSTEMI and STEMI risks did not differ significantly between groups.\n\nConclusions: In older adults with T2DM, SGLT2is were associated with lower risks of dementia, dementia-related medication use, and all-cause mortality compared with GLP-1 RAs in propensity-score matched cohorts. These observational findings are hypothesis-generating and should be confirmed in prospective studies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA",
    "Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA",
    "Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA",
    "John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ibrahim Mortada",
      "orcid": "0009-0006-9215-880X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Krishna Paul"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "James Rice",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-3473-0880"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Noah Joseph"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Trevor L. Raum",
      "orcid": "0009-0006-5547-1282"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mohanad Albayyaa",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4185-5294"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Diann Gaalema",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6463-9925"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Dietrich Jehle",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-6006-3903"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Thomas A. Blackwell",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-0659-2100"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hani Jneid",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8754-358X"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c8519ekjhjm8h.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1177/14791641261495569",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13735463/",
  "id": "c8519ekjhjm8h",
  "issns": [
    "1479-1641",
    "1752-8984"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/14791641261495569",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2712|Diabetes Treatment and Management"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214768539",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13735463",
  "pmid": "42808164",
  "published": "2026-09-29",
  "publisher": "SAGE Publications",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c8519ekjhjm8h.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T12:21:08Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13735463",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/14791641261495569"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2712|Diabetes Treatment and Management",
      "subfield": "endocrinology-metabolism"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors versus glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in older patients with type 2 diabetes",
  "title_text": "Benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors versus glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in older patients with type 2 diabetes",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T12:21:08Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c8519ekjhjm8h",
  "venue": "Diabetes & Vascular Disease Research",
  "versions": []
}