{
  "abstract": "The selection of physical parameterization schemes is a major source of uncertainty in WRF simulations. A comprehensive evaluation of model performance requires the simultaneous consideration of multiple output variables, but simple multivariable averaging can dilute the influence of variables that are difficult to simulate or that respond strongly to alternative physical-process options. To address this issue, this study proposes a performance-based multivariable weighting framework for WRF parameterization-scheme evaluation. The framework combines two components: mean relative error, which represents variable-level simulation difficulty quantified by relative simulation error, and the coefficient of variation of absolute errors, which represents the scheme-dependent response of each variable within the evaluated physical-process group. The approach was applied and evaluated in assessing WRF parameterization schemes across two climatically distinct environments: the arid Northwest and the humid coastal Southeast of China. The results show that the method assigns greater weights to variables that are difficult to simulate, such as precipitation and 10 m wind, thereby helping identify physically interpretable and well-performing parameterization-scheme combinations under the prescribed evaluation framework. Compared with equal weighting and established statistical weighting methods, the proposed MRE × CV weighting helped identify parameterization-scheme combinations that achieved the lowest integrated cMIEI in both representative screening years and in the independent 2010 extreme-year validation. These results indicate that jointly considering variable-level simulation difficulty and scheme-dependent response improves the diagnostic relevance of multivariable WRF parameterization-scheme evaluation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "China Agricultural University (Beijing, China)"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Tianyu Gou"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yaoyang Deng"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jun Niu",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4245-5997"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shaozhong Kang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c99y3zsj49095.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.5194/gmd-19-9879-2026",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "c99y3zsj49095",
  "issns": [
    "1991-9603"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/9879/2026/",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1902|Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W4417493356",
  "pdf_url": "https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/9879/2026/gmd-19-9879-2026.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-15",
  "publisher": "Copernicus GmbH",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c99y3zsj49095.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:49Z",
      "native_id": "10.5194/gmd-19-9879-2026",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/9879/2026/"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:1902|Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations",
      "subfield": "atmospheric"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A performance-based multivariable weighting framework for WRF parameterization-scheme selection",
  "title_text": "A performance-based multivariable weighting framework for WRF parameterization-scheme selection",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:49Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c99y3zsj49095",
  "venue": "Geoscientific Model Development",
  "versions": [
    {
      "doi": "10.5194/egusphere-2025-5362",
      "pid": null,
      "relation": "preprint",
      "title": null,
      "venue": null
    }
  ]
}