{
  "abstract": "Accurate methane source localization and emission-rate estimation at oil and gas facilities require wind fields that resolve site-scale spatial and temporal variability, which cannot be characterized by a single anemometer or coarse operational weather products. We develop a multiscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) framework for a Permian Basin facility that dynamically downscales hourly, 3 km High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) fields through four nested domains with grid spacings of 3 km, 1 km, 200 m, and 40 m. The two outer domains use planetary-boundary-layer parameterization, whereas the two inner domains operate in large-eddy-simulation mode. One-minute wind observations from two on-site anemometers are assimilated through wind-only observational nudging in the innermost domain, and the effects of nesting feedback and turbulence-closure choices are examined. Simulations for winter and summer 2025 periods are evaluated using near-surface wind-speed time series, power spectra, spatial fields, and statistical metrics. The baseline simulation reproduces the broad evolution of observed wind events but drifts during weak-wind periods. Observational nudging with one- and two-way nesting reduces the absolute bias of wind-speed by %65 at one sensor and %87 at the other, while reducing the corresponding root-mean-square errors by %33 and %44. Nudging also increases high-frequency energy and resolved spatial gradients, although improvements in turbulence statistics are not uniform. These results demonstrate a practical physics-based pathway for generating high-resolution wind fields for methane-plume modeling while emphasizing the need for independent spatial observations to validate accuracy away from assimilated sensors.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.19442",
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Ehsan Kharazmi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Erin Menezes"
    },
    {
      "name": "George Karniadakis"
    },
    {
      "name": "Anantha Sundaram"
    },
    {
      "name": "Arash Fathi"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cag0ptvc6x45t.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.19442",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "cag0ptvc6x45t",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.19442",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cs.NA"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "math-ph"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "math.MP"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "math.NA"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1902|Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213598549",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.19442",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-16",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cag0ptvc6x45t.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:19Z",
      "native_id": "2609.19442",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.19442"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "mathematics",
      "origin": "arxiv:math-ph",
      "subfield": "mathematical-physics"
    },
    {
      "field": "mathematics",
      "origin": "arxiv:math.NA",
      "subfield": "numerical-analysis"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Site-scale, Multi-resolution WRF Wind Modeling with Observational Nudging for Methane Emission Monitoring in the Permian Basin",
  "title_text": "Site-scale, Multi-resolution WRF Wind Modeling with Observational Nudging for Methane Emission Monitoring in the Permian Basin",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:23Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cag0ptvc6x45t",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}