{
  "abstract": "Human papillomavirus (HPV), the major cause of cervical cancer, continues to be associated with an increasing number of diagnosed cases despite the availability of licensed vaccines such as Cervarix™ and GARDASIL ® . In addition, cervical cancer incidence remains especially high in low- and middle-income countries, while vaccine coverage remains low due to high costs and instability in supply. We developed a novel HPV vaccine candidate using mRNA platform and to propose immune correlates of protection (CoP) for efficacy evaluation. A protection threshold was established based on GARDASIL ® 9, and the corresponding antibody titers were determined. These antibody titers were used as Reference for the immunogenicity analysis of the generated HPV16 mRNA. As a result, the vaccine was shown to induce a sufficiently significant level of protective efficacy. Furthermore, based on the immunogenicity data obtained from GARDASIL ® 9 and HPV16 mRNA, the minimum antibody titers required for protection were determined, thereby defining CoP for HPV vaccine. Additionally, HPV16 mRNA induced cellular immune responses associated with CD4- and CD8-specific cytokine secretion, suggesting potential protective mechanism in which cellular immunity complements humoral immunity. This study proposes an objective evaluation framework for comparing and analyzing HPV vaccine efficacy across different vaccine platforms.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Bio-Medical Science, GAIST, Gachon University",
    "Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University",
    "Department of Life Science, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University",
    "Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hyogyeong Hwang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Timothy An"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Eun-Hye Seo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Pil-Gu Park"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Kee-Jong Hong"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cbqjnwgy66gq4.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1925901",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13731206/",
  "id": "cbqjnwgy66gq4",
  "issns": [
    "1664-3224"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1925901/full",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2713|Cervical Cancer and HPV Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223112475",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1925901/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13731206",
  "pmid": "42984677",
  "published": "2026-10-21",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cbqjnwgy66gq4.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:17Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1925901",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1925901/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-08T12:21:26Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13731206",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1925901"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2713|Cervical Cancer and HPV Research",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A novel HPV mRNA vaccine candidate: immunogenicity and definition of immune correlates of protection",
  "title_text": "A novel HPV mRNA vaccine candidate: immunogenicity and definition of immune correlates of protection",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:21:26Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cbqjnwgy66gq4",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Immunology",
  "versions": []
}