{
  "abstract": "Dual active galactic nuclei (AGN) are unique laboratories for studying how galaxy mergers trigger accretion onto supermassive black holes (SMBHs). However, at redshifts $z>1$, only few dual AGN are confirmed at projected separations $\\gtrsim$ 1 kpc for the two SMBHs. We present archival MUSE spectroscopy of the three resolved lensed images of the radio-loud system MG B2016+112. At z = 3.273 and at a projected separation of 175 pc, this the most compact confirmed dual AGN at z > 1. We detect Ly$α$, C IV, N V, He II, and C III] emission across images A$--$C after correcting for ISM absorption at $z \\sim 0$. We find that the Ly $α$, C IV, N V lines are affected by saturated absorption at $z \\sim 3.27$. The He II / C III] emission-line ratios are consistent between images A and B but differ significantly from image C. We fit the C IV emission regions of images A$--$C by allowing for up to two Gaussians and use broad component to place lower limits on their respective SMBH masses: $\\gtrsim 2 \\times {10}^{7} M_\\odot$, $\\gtrsim 2.3 \\times {10}^{7} M_\\odot$, and $\\gtrsim 1.5 \\times {10}^{7} M_\\odot$. Correcting for their strong lensing magnifications suggests Eddington ratios of $\\lesssim$ 0.47, 0.51, and 0.04, respectively. Together with previous VLBI and X-ray analyses, our results provide strong, independent spectroscopic evidence that MG B2016+112 hosts two AGN. Our findings motivate deep, spatially resolved near-IR spectroscopy to independently revisit our mass estimates and determine the physical conditions of the host galaxy, which has likely undergone a major merger.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.31826",
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Jianghao Huyan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Júlia M. Sisk-Reynés"
    },
    {
      "name": "Daniel A. Schwartz"
    },
    {
      "name": "Varsha P. Kulkarni"
    },
    {
      "name": "Anna Barnacka"
    },
    {
      "name": "Adi Foord"
    },
    {
      "name": "Charlotte A. Eades"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cbv7ptj3ehyaa.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.31826",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "cbv7ptj3ehyaa",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.31826",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.GA"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3103|Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214806971",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.31826",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-25",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cbv7ptj3ehyaa.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:25:12Z",
      "native_id": "2609.31826",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.31826"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.GA",
      "subfield": "galaxies"
    }
  ],
  "title": "MUSE spectroscopy of the compact dual AGN in the $z=3.273$ radio-loud gravitational lens MG B2016+112",
  "title_text": "MUSE spectroscopy of the compact dual AGN in the z=3.273 radio-loud gravitational lens MG B2016+112",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:25:12Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cbv7ptj3ehyaa",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}