{
  "abstract": "Introduction: Spontaneous hemopneumothorax (SHP) is an uncommon but life-threatening complication of spontaneous pneumothorax (SP). Apical vascular adhesions are recognized bleeding sources; however, the terminology used to designate them remains inconsistent. Aim: This study aimed to describe the thoracoscopic appearance and surgical management of apical vascular bridge bleeding in SHP. A term “apical pleuropulmonary vascular bridge” (APVB) is proposed for this anatomical structure. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients treated for SHP between January 2020 and December 2024. SHP was defined as SP with bloody pleural drainage of at least 400 ml or pleural fluid hematocrit greater than 1%. Demographics, drainage volume, transfusion requirement, operative findings, surgical approach, and outcomes were analyzed. One index case with high-definition thoracoscopic video documentation was selected to demonstrate the bleeding pattern and surgical control. Results: A total of 12 patients at a mean (SD) age of 47.8 (18.3) years were included in the study; 11 (91.7%) were men. Median (interquartile range) initial drainage volume was 250 (175–500) ml (range, 50–1200 ml). Two patients (16.7%) required blood transfusion. Seven individuals (58.3%) underwent surgery: 3 video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and 4 thoracotomy. In all surgically explored cases, the bleeding source was a thin-walled vascular structure extending from the apical parietal pleura to the visceral pleural surface of the upper lobe. Active arterial-type bleeding was observed in 6 patients. Hemostasis was achieved in all surgical cases, and no mortality occurred. Conclusions: The APVB may represent a useful descriptive term for this recognizable thoracoscopic bleeding source. Early surgical exploration, preferably via VATS when feasible, enables precise identification and definitive hemostasis.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Türkiye"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Okan Karataş"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Nilay Çavuşoğlu Yalçın"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Muharrem Özkaya"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cc21ahr8mjtdb.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.20452/wiitm.2026.18041",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.mp.pl/videosurgery/issue/article/18041/",
  "id": "cc21ahr8mjtdb",
  "issns": [
    "1895-4588",
    "2299-0054"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.20452/wiitm.2026.18041",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "R"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2740|Pleural and Pulmonary Diseases"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7172434950",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.mp.pl/videosurgery/en/node/18041/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "Medycyna Praktyczna",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cc21ahr8mjtdb.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T14:20:56Z",
      "native_id": "0826fcd4c97044ac8b971eb6b21ff450",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.20452/wiitm.2026.18041"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:2746|Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques",
      "subfield": "surgery"
    }
  ],
  "title": "High-definition thoracoscopic visualization of the apical pleuropulmonary vascular bridge in spontaneous hemopneumothorax",
  "title_text": "High-definition thoracoscopic visualization of the apical pleuropulmonary vascular bridge in spontaneous hemopneumothorax",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-05T14:20:52Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cc21ahr8mjtdb",
  "venue": "Videosurgery and Other Miniinvasive Techniques",
  "versions": []
}