{
  "abstract": "Background: Human bocavirus is a non-enveloped DNA virus of the Parvoviridae family, first identified in 2005 and is recognized as a respiratory pathogen across pediatric age groups, with the highest prevalence reported in children aged 6-24 months. Interpretation of HBoV infection is complicated by frequent viral co-detection and the lack of a reliable method to distinguish active infection from prolonged viral sheding. Methods: We analyzed epidemiological trends and viral co-detection rates, along with demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological features of patients aged 0-18 years infected with HBoV during a four-year period (2022-2025) at a tertiary pediatric center in Croatia. Results: Of 27,361 respiratory samples collected, 1143 (4.2%) were positive for HBoV. Annual detection rates remained stable (3.6-4.8%), with predominant winter circulation. Viral co-detection was frequent (71.0-82.7%), with adenovirus and rhinovirus being the most commonly co-detected viruses. Pneumonia was diagnosed in 23.7% of patients, with age > 24 months (aOR 2.32; p = 0.012) and higher leukocyte count (aOR 1.13; p < 0.001) recognized as associated factors. Severe disease was uncommon: seven patients required oxygen support, and four were admitted to the PICU. Around one-quarter had gastrointestinal manifestations. Prolonged HBoV detection was observed, with the longest interval being 291 days. Conclusions: This is the largest single-center study of HBoV infection in the general pediatric population in Croatia. HBoV was predominantly detected in toddlers, with frequent viral co-detection, although HBoV-related pneumonia was more common in older children. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of HBoV in respiratory illness.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Pediatric Infectious Disease Department, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases 'Dr. Fran Mihaljević', Mirogojska 8, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.",
    "Department of Microbiology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Rockefeller Street 7, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.",
    "School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sanda Škrbina"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dominik Ljubas"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ivana Valenčak"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ivana Ferenčak",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9285-9052"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Irena Tabain",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2518-522X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Srđan Roglić",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4441-2600"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Goran Tešović",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5153-5027"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cc59cpn9phvw0.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/v18101071",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13709447",
  "id": "cc59cpn9phvw0",
  "issns": [
    "1999-4915"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42943991",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2713|Respiratory viral infections research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214680076",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13709447?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13709447",
  "pmid": "42943991",
  "published": "2026-09-28",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cc59cpn9phvw0.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:24Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42943991",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42943991"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2713|Respiratory viral infections research",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Epidemiology and Clinical Spectrum of Human Bocavirus Infection in Children: A Retrospective Single Center Analysis.",
  "title_text": "Epidemiology and Clinical Spectrum of Human Bocavirus Infection in Children: A Retrospective Single Center Analysis.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cc59cpn9phvw0",
  "venue": "Viruses",
  "versions": []
}