{
  "abstract": "Titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNTs) modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are attractive materials for electrochemical sensing owing to their high surface area and enhanced electron-transfer properties. In this study, AuNP/TNT nanocomposites were fabricated using two different approaches: one-step anodization and chronoamperometric electrodeposition. In the first approach, AuNPs were generated directly during TNTs anodization by introducing HAuCl₄ into the electrolyte at final concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 mM. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the fabrication of AuNPs/TNTs through the direct incorporation of HAuCl₄ into the anodization electrolyte. In the second, AuNPs were deposited onto annealed TNTs (TNTs-A) by chronoamperometry at − 0.3, − 0.9, and − 1.2 V. The obtained materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, contact angle measurements, open-circuit potential measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Among the investigated samples, the nanocomposite fabricated by one-step anodization in the presence of 1 mM HAuCl₄ and subsequently annealed in argon atmosphere at 450 °C for 2 h exhibited a well-dispersed AuNPs distribution (25.97 ± 2.84 nm) and 30% and 34% reductions in impedance modulus and real impedance, respectively, compared with TNTs-A. Furthermore, this platform showed an enhanced electrochemical response toward hydrogen peroxide (0.1–0.5 mM) in the presence of thionine and horseradish peroxidase, exhibiting higher sensitivity and a lower detection limit (0.001 mM) than TNTs-A (0.003 mM).",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Ewa Paradowska"
    },
    {
      "name": "Katarzyna Arkusz"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dorota Genowefa Pijanowska"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cdjw1jb1mepzj.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-76015-9",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "cdjw1jb1mepzj",
  "issns": [
    "2045-2322"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-76015-9",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2208|Electrochemical sensors and biosensors"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221881805",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-76015-9_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-15",
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cdjw1jb1mepzj.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:28Z",
      "native_id": "10.1038/s41598-026-76015-9",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-76015-9"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [],
  "title": "One-step anodization versus chronoamperometric electrodeposition for the fabrication of gold nanoparticle–TiO₂ nanotube nanocomposites for biosensing applications",
  "title_text": "One-step anodization versus chronoamperometric electrodeposition for the fabrication of gold nanoparticle–TiO₂ nanotube nanocomposites for biosensing applications",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:28Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cdjw1jb1mepzj",
  "venue": "Scientific Reports",
  "versions": []
}