{
  "abstract": "The heavy ion (HI) physics program has proven to be an essential part of the overall physics program at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Its main purpose has been to provide a detailed characterization of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a deconfined state of quarks and gluons created in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. From the start of the LHC HI program with lead-lead collisions, the CMS Collaboration has performed measurements using additional data sets in different center-of-mass energies with xenon-xenon, proton-lead, and proton-proton collisions. A broad collection of observables related to high-density quantum chromodynamics (QCD), precision quantum electrodynamics (QED), and even novel searches of phenomena beyond the standard model (BSM) have been studied. Major advances toward understanding the macroscopic and microscopic QGP properties were achieved at the highest temperature reached in the laboratory and for vanishingly small values of the baryon chemical potential. This article summarizes key QCD, QED, as well as BSM physics, results of the CMS HI program for the LHC Runs 1 (2010-2013) and 2 (2015-2018). It reviews findings on the partonic content of nuclei and properties of the QGP and describes the surprising QGP-like effects in collision systems smaller than lead-lead or xenon-xenon. In addition, it outlines the scientific case of using ultrarelativistic HI collisions in the coming decades to characterize the QGP with unparalleled precision and to probe novel fundamental physics phenomena.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2405.10785",
  "author_total": 2332,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Aram Hayrapetyan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Armen Tumasyan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wolfgang Adam"
    },
    {
      "name": "Janik Walter Andrejkovic"
    },
    {
      "name": "Thomas Bergauer"
    },
    {
      "name": "Suman Chatterjee"
    },
    {
      "name": "Konstantinos Damanakis"
    },
    {
      "name": "Marko Dragicevic"
    },
    {
      "name": "Priya Sajid Hussain"
    },
    {
      "name": "Manfred Jeitler"
    },
    {
      "name": "Natascha Krammer"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ang Li"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dietrich Liko"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ivan Mikulec"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jochen Schieck"
    },
    {
      "name": "Robert Schöfbeck"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dennis Schwarz"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mangesh Sonawane"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sebastian Templ"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wolfgang Waltenberger"
    },
    {
      "name": "Claudia-Elisabeth Wulz"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mohamed Rashad Darwish"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tahys Janssen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pierre van Mechelen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Emil Sørensen Bols"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jorgen d'Hondt"
    },
    {
      "name": "Soumya Dansana"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alexandre de Moor"
    },
    {
      "name": "Martin Delcourt"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hesham El Faham"
    },
    {
      "name": "Steven Lowette"
    },
    {
      "name": "Inna Makarenko"
    },
    {
      "name": "Denise Müller"
    },
    {
      "name": "Stefaan Tavernier"
    },
    {
      "name": "Michael Tytgat"
    },
    {
      "name": "Gerrit Patrick van Onsem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Senne van Putte"
    },
    {
      "name": "David Vannerom"
    },
    {
      "name": "Barbara Clerbaux"
    },
    {
      "name": "Aloke Kumar Das"
    },
    {
      "name": "Gilles de Lentdecker"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hugues Evard"
    },
    {
      "name": "Laurent Favart"
    },
    {
      "name": "Paraskevas Gianneios"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dmytro Hohov"
    },
    {
      "name": "Johny Jaramillo"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ali Khalilzadeh"
    },
    {
      "name": "Fakhri Alam Khan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kyeongpil Lee"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mostafa Mahdavikhorrami"
    },
    {
      "name": "Andrea Malara"
    },
    {
      "name": "Santiago Paredes"
    },
    {
      "name": "Laurent Thomas"
    },
    {
      "name": "Max Vanden Bemden"
    },
    {
      "name": "Catherine Vander Velde"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pascal Vanlaer"
    },
    {
      "name": "Maarten de Coen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Didar Dobur"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yanwen Hong"
    },
    {
      "name": "Joscha Knolle"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cdp7xpyz5fb34.bib",
  "cited_by": 43,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.physrep.2024.11.007",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "cdp7xpyz5fb34",
  "issns": [
    "0370-1573",
    "1873-6270"
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  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-04590410v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
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      "0.phys"
    ],
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      "hal",
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      "openalex",
      "3106|High-Energy Particle Collisions Research"
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  "openalex": "W4406312272",
  "pdf_url": "https://hal.science/hal-04590410/document",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-02",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cdp7xpyz5fb34.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-02T12:20:44Z",
      "native_id": "hal-04590410",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-04590410v1"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "hal:1.phys.hexp",
      "subfield": "high-energy"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "hal:1.phys.nexp",
      "subfield": "nuclear"
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  ],
  "title": "Overview of high-density QCD studies with the CMS experiment at the LHC",
  "title_text": "Overview of high-density QCD studies with the CMS experiment at the LHC",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-04T12:20:47Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cdp7xpyz5fb34",
  "venue": "Physics Reports",
  "versions": []
}