{
  "abstract": "Skeletal muscle atrophy is a critical physiological risk during long-duration spaceflight, yet candidate blood-accessible transcriptomic biomarkers for longitudinal monitoring remain unavailable. We developed an integrative multi-mission framework combining a primary discovery transcriptome from THP-1 monocytic cells exposed to International Space Station (ISS) microgravity (GEO: Sci. Adv. 2026 (https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adw7832, Data S1-S10); NASA OSDR: Al-Ahmadi et al. 2026; n = 8 spaceflight, 8 ground control) — yielding 4,522 spaceflight-differentially expressed genes (SDEGs) — with a PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis of 46 verified spaceflight studies, producing a 726-gene consensus set. Cross-referencing these datasets identified 103 intersection genes; application of our Integrated Concordance Score (ICS) nominated an 18-gene candidate biomarker panel nominated across six external missions. Orthogonal cross-tissue concordance analysis using six C2C12 myotube simulated-microgravity datasets demonstrated Pearson r = 0.79 (95% CI 0.52–0.92, p < 0.001), with a conserved stress module achieving r = 0.88; complementary concordance in human primary skeletal myotubes confirmed tri-model directional concordance for 13 stress-module genes. Gold-tier biomarkers (TNNT3, TRIM63, ACTC1, IGF2; ICS ≥ 8.0) showed ≥83% multi-mission concordance. Temporal modelling informs a preliminary two-tier fortnightly/monthly monitoring framework aligned with measured saturation kinetics, and the prioritised panel converges on coordinated ubiquitin-proteasome activation, AKT–mTOR–FOXO3a remodelling, E2F suppression, and sarcomeric reprogramming. Integrated drug–gene analysis identified bimagrumab combined with leucine as the top predicted prioritised countermeasure pair (computational Bliss = 2.8). These findings establish a proposed candidate blood-accessible biomarker framework for periodic muscle health surveillance during long-duration human spaceflight, available prospective validation in astronaut blood samples. The unit of analysis was the analytical contrast (spaceflight vs. matched ground control), not the publication. Cross-platform harmonization was performed via gene-level mapping and rank-based normalization.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jae Ho Shim"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ji Yeon Lee"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jihye Han"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hyeon Soo Kim"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cdznt5zwaxekw.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0358130",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "cdznt5zwaxekw",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0358130",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2737|Spaceflight effects on biology"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Musculoskeletal system/Muscles/Skeletal muscles"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Biomarkers"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Computational biology/Genome analysis/Transcriptome analysis"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics/Gene expression"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics/Genomics/Genome analysis/Transcriptome analysis"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Musculoskeletal system/Muscles/Skeletal muscles"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Clinical medicine/Signs and symptoms/Atrophy"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Astronomical sciences/Space exploration/Spaceflight"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Mathematics/Statistics/Statistical methods/Metaanalysis"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Physics/Gravitation/Artificial gravity"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Mathematical and statistical techniques/Statistical methods/Metaanalysis"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220861501",
  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0358130&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-07",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cdznt5zwaxekw.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:30Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0358130",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0358130"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:computational biology",
      "subfield": "bioinformatics"
    },
    {
      "field": "mathematics",
      "origin": "plos:statistical methods",
      "subfield": "statistics"
    },
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:anatomy",
      "subfield": "physiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Integrative transcriptomics identifies an 18-gene candidate blood-accessible biomarker panel for longitudinal monitoring of spaceflight-induced muscle atrophy",
  "title_text": "Integrative transcriptomics identifies an 18-gene candidate blood-accessible biomarker panel for longitudinal monitoring of spaceflight-induced muscle atrophy",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:30Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cdznt5zwaxekw",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}