{
  "abstract": "This study reports the synthesis of borneol mandelate from L-borneol, (R)-(-)-mandelic acid, and titanium sulfate, along with its characterization and acute toxicity assessment in zebrafish. The product was quantified by GC and structurally confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Optimization of the reaction parameters revealed that the highest crude product purity (91.7% by GC) was achieved under the following conditions: chloroform as solvent, mandelic acid-to-borneol molar ratio of 1.5:1, titanium sulfate-to-borneol mass ratio of 0.15:1, and a reaction time of 9 h. Acute toxicity testing on zebrafish showed that borneol mandelate exhibited a maximum non-lethal concentration (MNLC) of 29.6 μM and a 10% lethal concentration (LC10) of 31.2 μM. Treated zebrafish displayed multiple adverse effects, including decreased blood flow, microphthalmia, hepatic atrophy, delayed yolk sac resorption, and behavioral disturbances.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning 530002, China",
    "Guangxi Laboratory of Forestry, Nanning 530002, China"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Rongxiu Qin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Weiqi Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Rusi Wen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Junkang Xie"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Zhonglei Meng"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cer2a0dqg932a.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/molecules31203595",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13707851/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "cer2a0dqg932a",
  "issns": [
    "1420-3049"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/20/3595",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Natural product bioactivities and synthesis"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221174948",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13707851/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13707851",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cer2a0dqg932a.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:42Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/molecules31203595",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/20/3595"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:45Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13707851",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13707851"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Natural product bioactivities and synthesis",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Synthesis of Borneol Mandelate and Its Acute Toxicity to Zebrafish",
  "title_text": "Synthesis of Borneol Mandelate and Its Acute Toxicity to Zebrafish",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:45Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cer2a0dqg932a",
  "venue": "Molecules",
  "versions": []
}