{
  "abstract": "The global market for fermented functional foods containing probiotics has expanded rapidly, driven by increasing consumer interest in health-oriented food products. However, despite their long history and recognized benefits, the international commercialization of these products is hindered by heterogeneous regulatory frameworks. This review examines the current global regulatory landscape governing probiotic fermented foods, with particular emphasis on key regions, including the United States, the European Union, Asia, Africa, Oceania, and Latin America. Differences in product classification, safety assessment, the permitted use of the term “probiotic”, and scientific substantiation requirements for health claims are discussed. Additionally, major regulatory barriers affecting international trade are analyzed, including non-tariff barriers, labeling restrictions, and variability in sanitary registration and approval processes. These challenges are further compounded by inconsistencies in evaluation methodologies and the lack of harmonized criteria for microbial characterization and functional validation. Together, these factors limit product standardization, increase development costs, and hinder innovation and market access, particularly for emerging probiotic strains. This review highlights the need for greater international harmonization and for integrating robust scientific evidence into regulatory frameworks to facilitate global trade while ensuring consumer safety and claimed product functionality.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Instituto de Ciencias Económico Administrativas, Área Académica de Comercio Exterior, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, San Juan Tilcuautla 42160, Mexico",
    "Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo km. 4.5, Pachuca 42184, Mexico",
    "Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya, Antonio García Cubas Pte #600, esq. Av. Tecnológico, A. P. 57, Celaya 38010, Mexico",
    "Instituto de Ciencias Económico Administrativas, Área Académica de Gastronomía y Turismo, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, San Juan Tilcuautla 42160, Mexico",
    "Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico",
    "Departamento de Biotecnología, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Avenida San Rafael Atlixco 186, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Diana Karina Olvera-Rosales"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Jesús Guadalupe Pérez‐Flores",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9654-3469"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Luis Guillermo González-Olivares",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4707-8935"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Juan Ramírez Godínez",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7718-0546"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Ilse Monroy-Rodríguez",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5042-4966"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Raúl Eduardo López-Hernández",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9738-7026"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lizet Manzo-Martínez",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1766-2129"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "María Aline Manzo",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4379-179X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Laura Berenice Olvera-Rosales",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-8603-9048"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Emmanuel Pérez-Escalante",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4268-9753"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cg5ft2er61v8w.bib",
  "cited_by": 7,
  "doi": "10.3390/fermentation12060274",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "cg5ft2er61v8w",
  "issns": [
    "2311-5637"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation12060274",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1106|Probiotics and Fermented Foods"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7163664980",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-06-05",
  "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cg5ft2er61v8w.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:26:50Z",
      "native_id": "W7163664980",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation12060274"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [],
  "title": "Regulatory Challenges for the International Commercialization of Fermented Functional Foods Containing Probiotics",
  "title_text": "Regulatory Challenges for the International Commercialization of Fermented Functional Foods Containing Probiotics",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T13:21:08Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cg5ft2er61v8w",
  "venue": "Fermentation",
  "versions": []
}