{
  "abstract": "The start of the Legacy Survey of Space and Time marks a new era for strong lensing science, where the number of strong lenses identified is expected to increase to ∼100 000. In this paper we use a neural network to determine the precision with which lens parameters can be determined, using realistic simulated LSST lensed systems. We find that the Einstein radius can be measured with a mean precision of 3.7% with calibrated uncertainties accurately reflecting the corresponding measurement error. Based on the performance of current strong lens classifiers, the ∼100, 000 detectable strong lenses are expected to be accompanied by a similar or larger number of false positives (non-lenses). In readiness for this we introduce a formalism, termed ‘COSMIC-BEAMS’, to infer cosmological parameters while accounting for contamination by false positives. As a proof-of-concept, using simulated LSST measurements of the Einstein radii of a realistic and impure sample of photometric lens systems, i.e. those without spectroscopic confirmation, we find that the cosmological parameters Ωm, $\\Omega _\\Lambda$, and w can be measured to a precision of 0.1, 0.03 and 0.15 respectively for a wCDM cosmology. We demonstrate that unbiased cosmological parameters can be inferred even in strong lens samples contaminated by 50% false positives, and that the photometric dataset of 100 000 strong lenses will provide equivalent w-precision to 2500 − 3500 spectroscopic systems.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth , Burnaby Road, Portsmouth ,",
    "University of Oxford Department of Physics, , Keble Road, Oxford ,",
    "Stanford University Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, , Stanford, CA 94309 ,",
    "SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 ,",
    "University of Illinois Urbana-Champagin Department of Astronomy, , Urbana, IL 61801 ,",
    "Stony Brook University Department of Physics and Astronomy, , Stony Brook, NY 11794 ,"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Philip Holloway"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Aprajita Verma"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Philip J Marshall"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Padmavathi Venkatraman"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Sydney Erickson"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tian Li",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-5008-0381"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Simon Birrer"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Steven Dillmann",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4773-1463"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Thomas E Collett",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5564-3140"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cgndkk4294njq.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1093/mnras/stag2048",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "cgndkk4294njq",
  "issns": [
    "0035-8711",
    "1365-2966"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://academic.oup.com/mnras/advance-article/doi/10.1093/mnras/stag2048/9003266",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3103|Cosmology and Gravitation Theories"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213892774",
  "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/mnras/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/mnras/stag2048/72541933/stag2048.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-27",
  "publisher": "Oxford University Press (OUP)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cgndkk4294njq.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:17Z",
      "native_id": "10.1093/mnras/stag2048",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://academic.oup.com/mnras/advance-article/doi/10.1093/mnras/stag2048/9003266"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "openalex:3103|Cosmology and Gravitation Theories",
      "subfield": "cosmology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Lens Modeling and Cosmological Inference from an Impure Sample of Galaxy-Galaxy Strong Lenses",
  "title_text": "Lens Modeling and Cosmological Inference from an Impure Sample of Galaxy-Galaxy Strong Lenses",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:17Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cgndkk4294njq",
  "venue": "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",
  "versions": []
}