{
  "abstract": "Background: Early-life exposure to allergens is a critical window that shapes immune development. Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that neonatal cytokine responses, particularly interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5, drive type 2 immunity and increase the risk of allergic sensitization and asthma in adulthood. However, whether blocking these pathways in neonates can alter long-term susceptibility remains unclear.\n\nMethods: Neonatal BALB/c mice were exposed to 1% aerosolized ovalbumin (OVA) for 20 min, whereas controls received PBS. A subset of OVA-exposed neonates received 0.5 mg anti-IL-4 antibody at day 0. At adulthood (8 weeks), all groups were reexposed to aerosolized OVA. Blood and lung samples were collected for analysis of eosinophils, OVA-specific IgE, and cytokine production. In vitro restimulation of lung cells was performed for type 2 cytokines (specifically IL4, IL5, and IL13) and IFN-γ profiling.\n\nResults: Mice exposed to aerosolized OVA as neonates exhibited elevated IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, with increased eosinophilia and OVA-specific IgE, consistent with a type 2-biased response. PBS control neonatal mice challenged only in adulthood with aerosolized OVA showed no such sensitization. Strikingly, anti-IL-4 treatment at 2 days old prevented the dysregulated allergic sensitization and restored a balanced immune response, even upon OVA reexposure in adulthood. Anti-IL-4-treated neonates remained capable of mounting normal Th2 responses comparable with those observed in non-sensitized adult mice.\n\nConclusion: Neonatal IL-4 and IL-5 signaling critically shapes long-term eosinophilic allergic sensitization. Early blockade of IL-4 prevents lifelong allergen-specific dysregulation, highlighting potential therapeutic benefits of cytokine-targeted interventions in infancy for the prevention of allergic diseases.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University , , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 1,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Brian W. P. Seymour"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ch4nrnbfq9jn7.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1858193",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13672214/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "ch4nrnbfq9jn7",
  "issns": [
    "1664-3224"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13672214",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2737|Asthma and respiratory diseases"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7215107697",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13672214/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13672214",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-02",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ch4nrnbfq9jn7.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:25Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13672214",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13672214"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:15Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1858193",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1858193/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2737|Asthma and respiratory diseases",
      "subfield": "physiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Neonatal IL-4 and IL-5 signaling drives long-term inflammation after early-life allergen exposure in a mouse model of allergic sensitization",
  "title_text": "Neonatal IL-4 and IL-5 signaling drives long-term inflammation after early-life allergen exposure in a mouse model of allergic sensitization",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:15Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ch4nrnbfq9jn7",
  "venue": "Frontiers in immunology",
  "versions": []
}