{
  "abstract": "CD8+ T cell memory inflation, originally described during murine cytomegalovirus infection, is characterized by the progressive accumulation of antigen-specific memory T cells that retain effector-like features rather than undergoing gradual contraction. Here, using intranasal immunization of CB6F1 mice with a recombinant adenoviral vector expressing influenza B nucleoprotein (NP), we identified two immunodominant epitopes within a single antigen. Whereas Db/BNP352-specific CD8+ T cells dominated during the effector phase, Dd/BNP166-specific cells progressively increased during late memory, consistent with memory inflation. During the effector phase, Dd/BNP166-specific CD8+ T cells exhibited higher inhibitory receptor expression and reduced antigen sensitivity compared with Db/BNP352-specific cells, indicating a regulated effector state. Notably, however, these cells showed greater enrichment of cell-cycle-associated programs and enhanced proliferative capacity. By the memory phase, Dd/BNP166-specific cells displayed increased expression of tissue-resident memory T cell (TRM)-associated markers and higher functional avidity than at earlier time points. Together, these findings reveal divergence in CD8+ T cell memory trajectories between two peptide-MHC-specific populations after intranasal influenza B vaccination and indicate an association between a distinct early effector phenotype, subsequent memory inflation, and the persistence of lung TRM-like CD8+ T cells.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "Original Research",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Serin Lee"
    },
    {
      "name": "Eun-Ah Kim"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sun Shim Choi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jun Chang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/chgn95d4m0zag.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1943778",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "chgn95d4m0zag",
  "issns": [
    "1664-3224"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1943778",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "feed-journal",
      "biology/immunology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-09",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/chgn95d4m0zag.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T06:20:07Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1943778",
      "source": "feed-frontiers",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1943778"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "feed-journal:biology/immunology",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Distinct epitope-specific memory kinetics within influenza B nucleoprotein shape long-term CD8+ T cell differentiation in the lung",
  "title_text": "Distinct epitope-specific memory kinetics within influenza B nucleoprotein shape long-term CD8+ T cell differentiation in the lung",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T06:20:07Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/chgn95d4m0zag",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Immunology",
  "versions": []
}