{
  "abstract": "Urban heat adaptation requires spatial evidence showing where larger child populations coincide with high surface heat, especially where comparable paediatric health records are unavailable. Single-year hotspot maps cannot determine whether priority areas recur annually, persist across multi-year composites or remain reproducible across thermal products. A harmonised 10-year ecological framework was applied to New York, London, Singapore, Nairobi, São Paulo and Brisbane using annual WorldPop estimates for children aged 0–14 years and Landsat warm-season land-surface temperature on a common 1-km hexagonal grid from 2016 to 2025. Within each city-year, child count and heat anomaly were converted to percentile ranks and combined using an equal-weight geometric mean. Cells at or above the 90th score percentile formed the annual priority set. Three continuous periods defined period-composite trajectories, while annual membership quantified recurrence, consecutive runs, transitions, entries and exits. The panel contained 78,300 grid-year observations across 60 city-years. Annual priority sets contained 23.3–44.8% of eligible children across cities and 3.1–30.9 percentage points more children than heat-only sets. Among 10-year common-panel cells, agreement between period-composite persistence and annual membership in at least 8 years was moderate to strong but incomplete (Jaccard = 0.55–0.71). Landsat and MODIS/Terra thermal ranks were positively associated ( ρ = 0.35–0.86), whereas annual upper-decile overlap was only 0.11–0.38. Child concentration, annual recurrence, period-composite persistence and boundary reproducibility therefore represent distinct planning dimensions. The framework supports first-stage prioritisation and local verification but does not estimate individual health risk or causal effects.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Art and Design, Shandong Women’s University",
    "Wellington School of Architecture, Victoria University of Wellington",
    "ZhongQi MaiHe Tianjin, Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xin Bian"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Shufang Sun"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/chxdh5511q2g8.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2026.1984653",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13727534/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "chxdh5511q2g8",
  "issns": [
    "2296-2565"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1984653/full",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2305|Urban Heat Island Mitigation"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223062760",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1984653/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13727534",
  "pmid": "42978731",
  "published": "2026-10-20",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/chxdh5511q2g8.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:24Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fpubh.2026.1984653",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1984653/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T15:20:45Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13727534",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13727534"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-06T12:23:23Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13727534",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1984653"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:2305|Urban Heat Island Mitigation",
      "subfield": "environmental-science"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Annual recurrence and period-composite persistence of child–heat priority across six contrasting urban systems",
  "title_text": "Annual recurrence and period-composite persistence of child–heat priority across six contrasting urban systems",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-07T12:20:42Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/chxdh5511q2g8",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Public Health",
  "versions": []
}