{
  "abstract": "Glioblastoma (GBM) remains an aggressive adult primary brain tumor despite surgery, radiotherapy and temozolomide-based chemotherapy, partly because glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) retain self-renewal capacity, lineage plasticity and therapeutic resistance. Cancer neuroscience has shown that glioma cells receive activity-dependent neuronal signals and exploit neural circuits to support tumor growth and invasion. Synaptic proteins may therefore regulate both neuron-glioma communication and tumor-cell state. Synapsin I, II, and III share conserved N-terminal domains but differ in C-terminal architecture, developmental expression and physiological function. An emerging model of functional divergence in GBM is supported by a recent preclinical study comparing Synapsin III with Synapsin I and II. In the tested GSC models, increasing Synapsin III promoted a neuronal-like differentiated phenotype through a neuregulin 3 (NRG3)-JAG1-NOTCH1 mechanism, with reduced stemness and proliferative growth. This review integrates structural, physiological and GBM-focused evidence to examine how the developmental functions of Synapsin III may be repurposed in malignant stem-like cells. Independent replication, durable loss of tumorigenicity and tumor-selective delivery are priorities for translation. Synapsin III is a candidate differentiation-restoring node whose clinical relevance remains to be established.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China",
    "Clinical Medical Research Center, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China"
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiangyu Dai"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yujie Ji"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zheng Cai"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Haixin Zeng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yi Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Haining Zhou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xu Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Bing Li"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cj888f0rrtra9.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fneur.2026.1976698",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13698896/",
  "id": "cj888f0rrtra9",
  "issns": [
    "1664-2295"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2026.1976698",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Mini Review"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2716|Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221553345",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13698896?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13698896",
  "pmid": "42936488",
  "published": "2026-10-12",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cj888f0rrtra9.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:36Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13698896",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2026.1976698"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:16Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fneur.2026.1976698",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1976698/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:24Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42936488",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42936488"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2716|Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment",
      "subfield": "human-genetics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Functional divergence of the synapsin family in glioblastoma: Synapsin III as a candidate differentiation-restoring node",
  "title_text": "Functional divergence of the synapsin family in glioblastoma: Synapsin III as a candidate differentiation-restoring node",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:35:32Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cj888f0rrtra9",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Neurology",
  "versions": []
}