{
  "abstract": "Microsatellites are highly mutable genomic elements, yet their role in adaptive gene regulation in insects remains poorly understood. Here, we show that a tetranucleotide (ATGT) microsatellite expansion in the promoter of ABCC2, a key Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin receptor gene, epigenetically silences its expression and confers resistance to Bt Cry1Ac toxin in Plutella xylostella (L.). Mechanistically, long repeats (≥27 units) in Cry1Ac-resistant strains preferentially recruit the histone methyltransferase E(z), promoting H3K27me2/3 deposition, chromatin compaction, and transcriptional silencing, whereas short repeats in susceptible strains maintain open chromatin through Tip60-mediated H4K5 acetylation. This repeat expansion alone is sufficient to repress ABCC2, thereby conferring Bt resistance, while repeat length, chromatin state, and associated phenotypes partially revert under relaxed selection. These findings define a previously uncharacterized cis-acting element dynamically orchestrating insecticide resistance-associated gene expression and identify microsatellite-driven chromatin remodeling as a general and plastic regulatory strategy underlying rapid xenobiotic-resistance evolution in insects.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 ,",
    "School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex , Brighton BN1 9QE ,",
    "Department of Entomology, School of Integrative Biology, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , Illinois 61801-3795 ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Chunzheng Ouyang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kaiyue Sun"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fu Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fan Ye"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Liuhong Zhu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lina Dong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yang Bai"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhouqiang Cheng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mingmei Wu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Neil Crickmore"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Xuguo Zhou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Youjun Zhang",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3508-6695"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhaojiang Guo",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4682-7241"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cjqwx16ebp8n3.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1093/nar/gkag1058",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13710865/",
  "id": "cjqwx16ebp8n3",
  "issns": [
    "0305-1048",
    "1362-4962"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/doi/10.1093/nar/gkag1058/9002629",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "AcademicSubjects/SCI00010"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Gene regulation, Chromatin and Epigenetics"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Insect Resistance and Genetics"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223959418",
  "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/54/20/gkag1058/72531527/gkag1058.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13710865",
  "pmid": "42935373",
  "published": "2026-10-27",
  "publisher": "Oxford University Press (OUP)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cjqwx16ebp8n3.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:50Z",
      "native_id": "10.1093/nar/gkag1058",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/doi/10.1093/nar/gkag1058/9002629"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:21:44Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13710865",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkag1058"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Insect Resistance and Genetics",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Microsatellite expansion redirects chromatin modifiers to confer insect resistance to Bt bioinsecticides",
  "title_text": "Microsatellite expansion redirects chromatin modifiers to confer insect resistance to Bt bioinsecticides",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T12:21:44Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cjqwx16ebp8n3",
  "venue": "Nucleic Acids Research",
  "versions": []
}