{
  "abstract": "We develop an input-output formulation of quantum light spectroscopy (QLS) by combining the input-output theory, commonly used in quantum optics, with the perturbative expansion method for nonlinear spectroscopy, commonly used in chemical physics. The use of the input-output relation provides physical intuition for how matter systems alter the photon input field. As examples, we consider linear spectroscopy, fluorescence, intra-beam $G^{(2)}$, and Hong-Ou-Mandel correlation. For certain initial photon states, we show that signal expectation values can be evaluated non-perturbatively. For general initial photon states, the signals can be computed via a perturbative expansion of the input-output relation. The input-output relation reduces the work needed to perturbatively expand the optical signal, allowing for cleaner derivations and clearer physical interpretations.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.38533",
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Liwen Ko"
    },
    {
      "name": "Robert L. Cook"
    },
    {
      "name": "K. Birgitta Whaley"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cjxg9aaqsjhwa.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.38533",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "cjxg9aaqsjhwa",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.38533",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.chem-ph"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.optics"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3107|Quantum optics and atomic interactions"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7215055605",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.38533",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-29",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cjxg9aaqsjhwa.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:25:48Z",
      "native_id": "2609.38533",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.38533"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.chem-ph",
      "subfield": "physical"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.optics",
      "subfield": "optics-photonics"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:quant-ph",
      "subfield": "quantum"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Input-output formulation of quantum light spectroscopy",
  "title_text": "Input-output formulation of quantum light spectroscopy",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:25:48Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cjxg9aaqsjhwa",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}