{
  "abstract": "Context: Tobacco products and nicotine-delivery systems have been associated with oral changes, but comparative salivary effects remain insufficiently characterized. Aims: The salivary biochemical, immunological, and microbiological profile was assessed in young adult users of conventional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and IQOS and compared with non-smoking controls. Methods: In this exploratory pilot observational study, mixed saliva was collected from 40 students aged 18–25 years, with 10 participants in each group. Biochemical markers, immunoglobulin concentrations, microbial growth on agar media, and salivary crystallization patterns were evaluated. Between-group differences were assessed at p<0.05. Results: Compared with controls, tobacco-product users had lower salivary pH, altered enzyme activity, increased urea, altered mineral concentrations, reduced IgA, IgG, and IgM, increased IgE, increased microbial growth, and altered crystallographic patterns. The magnitude of change differed by marker and product type. Conclusions: Tobacco-product use was associated with adverse changes in multiple salivary markers in this young adult sample. Because exposure was classified solely by self-report without biochemical verification (cotinine, exhaled CO), the findings are exploratory and pilot in nature. Causal, dose-dependent, or product-specific interpretations should be avoided. Larger controlled studies with validated biomarkers are required.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Irina P. Remezova"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yulia O. Myasishcheva"
    },
    {
      "name": "Evgeniya V. Utyaganova"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cn2ej4a6f3v69.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.56499/jppres_14.4.2702",
  "fulltext_url": "https://jppres.com/jppres/pdf/vol14/jppres_14.4.2702.pdf",
  "id": "cn2ej4a6f3v69",
  "issns": [
    "0719-4250"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.56499/jppres_14.4.2702",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "RM1-950"
    ],
    [
      "lcc",
      "RS1-441"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2737|Smoking Behavior and Cessation"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7203624225",
  "pdf_url": "https://jppres.com/jppres/pdf/vol14/jppres_14.4.2702.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-07-01",
  "publisher": "GarVal Editorial Ltda.",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cn2ej4a6f3v69.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T14:21:24Z",
      "native_id": "1c2beb1afd6b455183db2be9b23b815a",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.56499/jppres_14.4.2702"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2737|Smoking Behavior and Cessation",
      "subfield": "physiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Salivary biochemical, immunological, and microbiological alterations associated with cigarette, IQOS, and e-cigarette use",
  "title_text": "Salivary biochemical, immunological, and microbiological alterations associated with cigarette, IQOS, and e-cigarette use",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-05T14:20:19Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cn2ej4a6f3v69",
  "venue": "Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research",
  "versions": []
}