{
  "abstract": "Introduction: Exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) refers to the reduction in pain perception following acute exercise, yet the roles of aerobic fitness and interoception in this response remain unclear.\n\nMethods: This study investigated pain perception and cardiac interoceptive accuracy before and after high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in endurance athletes and non-athletes. Forty-one healthy adults (20 athletes, 21 non-athletes) completed a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test to determine VO₂max and self-report measures, including the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). On a second study day, participants underwent pressure pain testing and a HBDT before and after HIIT. Training status was operationalized both categorically (athletes vs. non-athletes) and continuously (VO₂max).\n\nResults: Athletes showed greater EIH than non-athletes, reflected in a significant reduction in pain following HIIT in athletes only and a larger pain change score compared with non-athletes. Higher VO₂max was likewise associated with greater pain reduction. Baseline cardiac interoceptive accuracy was positively associated with VO₂max, and interoceptive accuracy decreased significantly from pre- to post-exercise in both groups, with a more pronounced decline in athletes. MAIA scores showed no significant associations. VO₂max also significantly moderated the relation between post-exercise changes in cardiac interoceptive accuracy and pain reduction, suggesting that the link between interoceptive change and EIH differed as a function of aerobic fitness.\n\nDiscussion: From an adaptation-based, hormesis-informed perspective, the findings are compatible with a distinction between acute cost and longer-term adaptation: intense exercise may transiently reduce cardiac interoceptive accuracy, while repeated exposure may be associated with better baseline interoceptive accuracy and more effective post-exercise pain modulation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena , ,",
    "Department of Clinical Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Maria Geisler"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Marco Herbsleb"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Alexander Ritter"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Feliberto de la Cruz"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yubraj Gupta"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Andy Schumann"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ilona Croy"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Karl-Jürgen Bär"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cnf8g7prtpq35.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1953847",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13721068/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "cnf8g7prtpq35",
  "issns": [
    "1664-1078"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13721068",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2707|Cardiovascular and exercise physiology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221440873",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13721068/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13721068",
  "pmid": "42965065",
  "published": "2026-10-12",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cnf8g7prtpq35.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:21:36Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13721068",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13721068"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:21:49Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13721068",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1953847"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2707|Cardiovascular and exercise physiology",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Exercise-induced hypoalgesia following HIIT: associations with cardiac interoceptive accuracy and the moderation by physical fitness",
  "title_text": "Exercise-induced hypoalgesia following HIIT: associations with cardiac interoceptive accuracy and the moderation by physical fitness",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:21:49Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cnf8g7prtpq35",
  "venue": "Frontiers in psychology",
  "versions": []
}