{
  "abstract": "Light-gated K+ channelrhodopsins (KCRs) are recognized as an ideal neuronal silencing tool in optogenetics. KCRs contain functionally important residues for a light-driven H+ pump bacteriorhodopsin, but their roles have been unclear. Utilizing electrophysiological methods, we demonstrate that KCRs function as a light-driven H+ pump in the absence of K+. Transport experiments using pH electrodes further elucidated the function of the H+-pump, which operates even in the presence of K+. The hypothesis that the H+ pump exerts a blocking effect on K+ transport in KCRs has been postulated. Furthermore, we ascertained that there was conversion of KCRs from the H+ pump into the H+ channel by light, yet this conversion was never reversed. However, the addition of K+ resulted in the formation of the K+ channel. KCRs exhibit three distinct functional states, H+ pump, H+ channel, and K+ channel. These multifaceted functions are modulated by environmental ions and light.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Nagoya Institute of Technology"
  ],
  "article_type": "New results",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 15,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "R. Shimamura"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Kikuchi"
    },
    {
      "name": "T. Nakamura"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Tajima"
    },
    {
      "name": "K. J. Fujimoto"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Sugiura"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. Tabe"
    },
    {
      "name": "K. Minamisawa"
    },
    {
      "name": "R. Abe-Yoshizumi"
    },
    {
      "name": "T. Nishikino"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Hososhima"
    },
    {
      "name": "T. Yanai"
    },
    {
      "name": "Y. Furutani"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. P. Tsunoda"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "H. Kandori"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cngkrdfgp14fm.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.09.30.755824",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.30.755824v1.full",
  "id": "cngkrdfgp14fm",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.30.755824v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "biorxiv",
      "biophysics"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2804|Photoreceptor and optogenetics research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220857229",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.30.755824v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-30",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cngkrdfgp14fm.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:26:28Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.09.30.755824",
      "source": "biorxiv",
      "url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.30.755824v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "biorxiv:biophysics",
      "subfield": "biophysics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Multi-modal ion-transport function of potassium channelrhodopsins",
  "title_text": "Multi-modal ion-transport function of potassium channelrhodopsins",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:26:28Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cngkrdfgp14fm",
  "venue": "bioRxiv",
  "versions": []
}