{
  "abstract": "Purpose Tumors are often framed as unresolved wounds, but the extent to which independently defined physiological repair programs are recontextualized across cancers remains uncertain. Methods We derived five lineage-associated modules and a composite score from 58,823 cells in a longitudinal human skin-wound cohort before examining tumors. Frozen modules were evaluated in paired hepatocellular carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma single-cell datasets, spatial and cell-resolved non-small-cell lung cancer cohorts, and four pretreatment immune-checkpoint-inhibitor cohorts. Patient- or section-level inference and prespecified sensitivity analyses were retained. Results Myeloid repair modules showed the most consistent tumor-associated increase in paired cancers; other lineage effects varied by context. Repair-high non-small-cell lung cancer regions combined epithelial/proliferative, extracellular-matrix fibroblast, and C1QC/broad-myeloid programs, whereas repair-cytotoxic neighborhood correlations were split across sections. In six Prime 5K Xenium patients, repair-high regions were fibroblast enriched (+0.239 high-minus-low fraction; 6/6 concordant; exact sign-flip P=0.031; FDR=0.047) and T/NK depleted (-0.151; 6/6; FDR=0.047). Direct ligand-receptor neighbor effects were not reproducible. Repair_FBI showed an adverse ICI-response direction, but the random-effects estimate was imprecise (OR=1.69, 95% CI 0.81-3.51). Conclusion Tumors reuse elements of physiological repair to form heterogeneous multicellular niches. Fibroblast remodeling is the most stable candidate; the evidence supports conditional association, not universal immune exclusion, a senescence-defined state, or a generlizable ICI biomarker.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Liuzhou Workers' Hospital"
  ],
  "article_type": "New results",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "q. wu"
    },
    {
      "name": "l. liu"
    },
    {
      "name": "m. s. jiang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cnpkr05zsg505.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.09.10.750782",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.10.750782v1.full",
  "id": "cnpkr05zsg505",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.10.750782v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "licence_label": "CC0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "biorxiv",
      "immunology"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2730|Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213392001",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.10.750782v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-10",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cnpkr05zsg505.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:39Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.09.10.750782",
      "source": "biorxiv",
      "url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.10.750782v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "biorxiv:immunology",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A frozen human wound-repair reference reveals heterogeneous tumor niches and conditional immunotherapy associations",
  "title_text": "A frozen human wound-repair reference reveals heterogeneous tumor niches and conditional immunotherapy associations",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:39Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cnpkr05zsg505",
  "venue": "bioRxiv",
  "versions": []
}