{
  "abstract": "Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by dysregulated immune responses and excessive keratinocyte proliferation, with substantial effects on patients’ quality of life. Evidence suggests that the gut microbiota and the gut–skin–immune axis may contribute to systemic inflammation and immune dysregulation associated with psoriasis. This narrative review examines the potential immunomodulatory role of probiotics in psoriasis, with particular emphasis on strain‐specific biological effects and the mechanisms linking intestinal microbial modulation to psoriasis‐related inflammation. Probiotics may influence intestinal microbial composition, epithelial barrier integrity, microbial metabolite production, and immune signaling. Clinical studies have reported potential improvements in psoriasis severity, inflammatory biomarkers, or quality of life following probiotic supplementation; however, the available evidence remains limited and heterogeneous, with substantial variation in probiotic strains, formulations, doses, treatment durations, concomitant therapies, and clinical outcomes. Unlike previous systematic reviews and meta‐analyses that primarily summarize clinical outcomes, this review integrates clinical findings with strain‐specific mechanistic and experimental evidence to provide a biologically contextualized interpretation of the potential role of probiotics in psoriasis.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Immunology Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran mums.ac.ir",
    "Immunology Department Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran mums.ac.ir",
    "Medical Laboratory Science Department College of Science University of Raparin Rania Sulaymaniyah Iraq uor.edu.krd",
    "Department of Medical Analysis Faculty of Applied Science Tishk International University Erbil Iraq tiu.edu.iq",
    "Department of Nutrition Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran mums.ac.ir",
    "Student Research Committee Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran mums.ac.ir",
    "Department of Immunology School of Medicine Semnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan Iran semums.ac.ir",
    "Hepatitis Research Center and Department of Medical Immunology School of Medicine Lorestan University of Medical Sciences Khorramabad Iran lums.ac.ir"
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ahmed Hussein Hasan Alshihmani"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mahmoud Mahmoudi",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3193-5242"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Ramiar Kamal Kheder",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3039-4920"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Maryam Ahmadi-Khorram",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-0850-6934"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Afsane Fadaee",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1077-1533"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Dariush Haghmorad",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9876-4943"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Mohammad Hossein Shams"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9371-4170"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cq9wr8zrd5z7d.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1155/jnme/7365660",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13725134/",
  "id": "cq9wr8zrd5z7d",
  "issns": [
    "2090-0724",
    "2090-0732"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1155/jnme/7365660",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Article"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Review Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1106|Probiotics and Fermented Foods"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7225099140",
  "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/jnme/7365660",
  "pmcid": "PMC13725134",
  "pmid": "42973828",
  "published": "2026-11-01",
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cq9wr8zrd5z7d.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:23:35Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13725134",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1155/jnme/7365660"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T15:20:47Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42973828",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42973828"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:F27",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Immunomodulatory Probiotics in Psoriasis: Effects on the Gut–Skin–Immune Crosstalk and Systemic Inflammation",
  "title_text": "Immunomodulatory Probiotics in Psoriasis: Effects on the Gut–Skin–Immune Crosstalk and Systemic Inflammation",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T12:21:28Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cq9wr8zrd5z7d",
  "venue": "Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism",
  "versions": []
}