{
  "abstract": "Peripheral inflammation in Parkinsons disease (PD) remains poorly characterised among carriers of Asian-prevalent LRRK2 G2385R and R1628P variants. We investigated plasma immunoinflammatory markers (i.e., IL-6, TNF-, CCL2, CX3CL1, CCL5, and VCAM-1) via multiplex immunoassay in 240 participants: PD-G2385R (n=53), PD-R1628P (n=58), PD-G2385R+R1628P (n=5), idiopathic PD (iPD; n=62), and controls (n=62), and their clinicobiological correlates including monocyte LRRK2 kinase activity (pRab10Thr73). Compared with iPD and/or controls, TNF-, CCL2, CX3CL1, and CCL5 were lower in PD-G2385R, while IL-6, TNF-, CCL2, and CCL5 were lower in PD-R1628P. Higher LRRK2 kinase activity correlated with lower TNF-. CX3CL1 correlated with greater motor severity in iPD but less disability in both variant groups. CCL5 correlated with less motor complications in PD-G2385R, while IL-6 and VCAM-1 correlated with worse disability and/or cognition in PD-R1628P. These findings suggest that immunoinflammatory profiles and their clinical relevance in PD differ by genotype, with implications for stratification in future immunomodulatory trials.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"
  ],
  "article_type": "PUBLISHAHEADOFPRINT",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "H. X. Ding"
    },
    {
      "name": "T. S. Toh"
    },
    {
      "name": "N. J. Zulkefli"
    },
    {
      "name": "N. S. Zulhaimi"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. N. Khairul Anuar"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. W. Hor"
    },
    {
      "name": "Y. W. Tay"
    },
    {
      "name": "I. X. Kong"
    },
    {
      "name": "Y. C. Pang"
    },
    {
      "name": "R. Rajasuriar"
    },
    {
      "name": "S.-Y. Lim"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. H. Tan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "L. C. Lit"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cqb9ew7p43mq8.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.09.20.26363505",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.20.26363505v1.full",
  "id": "cqb9ew7p43mq8",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.20.26363505v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "medrxiv",
      "neurology"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2728|Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214006935",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.20.26363505v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-20",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cqb9ew7p43mq8.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:09Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.09.20.26363505",
      "source": "medrxiv",
      "url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.20.26363505v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "medrxiv:neurology",
      "subfield": "neurology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Peripheral immunoinflammatory markers and clinical correlations in Parkinson's disease patients carrying LRRK2 G2385R and R1628P variants",
  "title_text": "Peripheral immunoinflammatory markers and clinical correlations in Parkinson's disease patients carrying LRRK2 G2385R and R1628P variants",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:09Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cqb9ew7p43mq8",
  "venue": "medRxiv",
  "versions": []
}