{
  "abstract": "Background and Objectives: Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy (CRION) is a steroid-dependent form of optic neuritis with incompletely understood pathophysiology. The identification of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-IgG) in a substantial patient subset has challenged the diagnostic and therapeutic management. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical profiles and treatment outcomes of patients with CRION, comparing MOG-IgG-positive (MOG+) and seronegative (MOG−) subgroups.\n\nMethods: Patients from 6 European tertiary centers fulfilling diagnostic criteria for CRION were included. All underwent cell-based autoantibody testing. Clinical outcomes (visual acuity and annualized relapse rate), laboratory and imaging findings (MRI, OCT), and treatment responses were retrospectively analyzed.\n\nResults: Sixty patients were included (median age 33 years; 70% female); 27 (45%) were MOG+. MOG+ CRION was associated with later onset, higher annualized relapse rate (ARR) before treatment (median [IQR] 2 [1–3] vs 1 [1–2], p = 0.023), and a trend toward shorter interrelapse intervals. Additional distinguishing features included higher frequencies of antinuclear antibody positivity, elevated CSF interleukin-6, and extensive enhancement of the optic nerve on MRI. Relapse burden correlated with visual acuity decline and retinal thinning. In MOG+ patients, monoclonal antibody therapy reduced the ARR (n = 21; 2 [1–3] vs 0 [0–2], p = 0.024), primarily driven by tocilizumab (n = 11; 2 [1–3] vs 0 [0–1], p = 0.023). In MOG− patients, rituximab and azathioprine showed a trend toward ARR reduction.\n\nDiscussion: CRION represents a heterogeneous syndrome encompassing distinct subgroups. Although MOG+ patients demonstrate higher disease activity, tocilizumab might represent a therapeutic option, though further validation is needed. Serologic testing is critical for treatment stratification and preventing relapses.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland",
    "Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Switzerland",
    "Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland",
    "Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany",
    "Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany",
    "Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany",
    "Department of Neurology, Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany",
    "Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany",
    "PRACTIS Clinician Scientist Program, Dean's Office for Academic Career Development, Hannover Medical School, Germany",
    "Department of Neurology, Klinikum Agnes Karl Laatzen/ Klinikum Region Hannover, Germany",
    "Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland",
    "Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Switzerland",
    "Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland",
    "Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University Munich, Germany ; and",
    "Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Switzerland ."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 21,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Madalina Graure",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-5249-4567"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Nathalie Nierobisch",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-0992-6867"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Anthony De Vere-Tyndall"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Thivya Pakeerathan",
      "orcid": "0009-0000-4271-4763"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Ilya Ayzenberg",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-9491-2180"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Jonathan A. Gernert",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6655-5557"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Joachim Havla",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4386-1340"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Marius Ringelstein",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3618-8407"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Orhan Aktas",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2020-9210"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Daria Tkachenko"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        9
      ],
      "name": "Martin Werner Hümmert",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5928-2343"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Corinna Trebst",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-1402-8877"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10,
        11,
        12
      ],
      "name": "Nuria Cerdá-Fuertes",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8753-5267"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10,
        11,
        12
      ],
      "name": "Athina Papadopoulou",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0367-1008"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13
      ],
      "name": "Katrin Giglhuber",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3790-2334"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13
      ],
      "name": "Rebecca Wicklein",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6661-6081"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13
      ],
      "name": "Achim Berthele",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9650-6222"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Michael Weller",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1748-174X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Veronika Kana",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9362-3156"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Patrick Roth",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3897-214X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        13,
        14
      ],
      "name": "Marina Herwerth",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5125-4594"
    }
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  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cqx4qy1jtg5t6.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1212/nxi.0000000000200668",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13716493/",
  "id": "cqx4qy1jtg5t6",
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  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
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      "heading",
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      "heading",
      "Research Article"
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      "openalex",
      "2734|Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies"
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  "pdf_url": "https://www.neurology.org/doi/pdf/10.1212/NXI.0000000000200668",
  "pmcid": "PMC13716493",
  "pmid": "42912877",
  "published": "2026-10-22",
  "publisher": "American Academy of Neurology",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cqx4qy1jtg5t6.ris",
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  "title": "MOG Antibody Status Is Associated With Distinct Clinical Profiles and Treatment Responses in Chronic Relapsing Inflammatory Optic Neuropathy",
  "title_text": "MOG Antibody Status Is Associated With Distinct Clinical Profiles and Treatment Responses in Chronic Relapsing Inflammatory Optic Neuropathy",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T12:23:25Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cqx4qy1jtg5t6",
  "venue": "Neurology® Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation",
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