{
  "abstract": "Objective\n\nThis study investigated the effects of different conditioning activities (CAs) on postactivation performance enhancement (PAPE), as assessed by 20 m sprint and countermovement jump (CMJ) performance, determined the optimal timing of peak performance, and analyzed the underlying mechanisms in male sprinters.Background\n\nThirteen male sprinters completed a controlled crossover design involving three CAs, namely, traditional dynamic resistance (TDR), plyometric (PLY), and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Pre- and post-intervention assessments of 20 m sprint and CMJ were conducted alongside kinematic, kinetic, and sEMG analyses to elucidate mechanisms underlying performance changes.Results\n\nAll three CAs (TDR, PLY, and MVIC) resulted in significant improvements in 20 m sprint performance. The TDR group achieved optimal results at 4 and 8 min; the PLY group at 8 min; and the MVIC group at 12, 16, and 20 min. CMJ performance was significantly enhanced by TDR at 8 min (P < 0.05). In the TDR group, compared with baseline, hip joint minimum angle (θmin) (P < 0.01) and minimum angular velocity (ωmin) (P < 0.05) were reduced, whereas angular displacement (Δθ) (P < 0.01), knee θmin (P < 0.01), ωmin (P < 0.01), and Δθ (P < 0.01) were increased. Additionally, vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) (P < 0.01), peak power output (PPO) (P < 0.05), and peak rate of force development (pRFD) (P < 0.05) were significantly increased. Muscle coactivation was observed at the hip and knee joints (P < 0.01). At 8 min post-TDR, compared with the control group, hip and knee θmin, ωmin, and Δθ changed significantly (P < 0.05). Correspondingly, vGRF, PPO, and pRFD showed significant increases (P < 0.05). Coactivation of the hip and knee musculature (P < 0.05) was also observed.Conclusion\n\nTDR, PLY, and MVIC CAs each significantly enhance 20 m sprint performance in male sprinters. However, the timing of peak PAPE varies by CA: 4-8 min for TDR, 8 min for PLY, and 12-20 min for MVIC. Notably, TDR induces significant improvements in CMJ performance at 8 min, which are likely attributable to increased joint loading capacity and enhanced muscle coactivation in the lower limbs.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Tianjin Vocational College of Sports, Tianjin, 300167, China.",
    "Tianjin Research Institute of Sports Science, Tianjin, 300167, China.",
    "Department of Physical Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China. Shiming.li@ouc.edu.cn.",
    "National Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China. qirongw@163.com."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jianlong He"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xianzhe Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Shiming Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Qirong Wang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cqze85ee5c2fw.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1186/s13102-026-01947-8",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13721394",
  "id": "cqze85ee5c2fw",
  "issns": [
    "2052-1847"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958431",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2732|Sports Performance and Training"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7172430086",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13721394?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13721394",
  "pmid": "42958431",
  "published": "2026-08-04",
  "publisher": "BMC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cqze85ee5c2fw.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T00:20:47Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42958431",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958431"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:22:05Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13721394",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-026-01947-8"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2732|Sports Performance and Training",
      "subfield": "surgery"
    }
  ],
  "title": "The impact of postactivation performance enhancement on 20 m sprint and CMJ performance in male sprinters.",
  "title_text": "The impact of postactivation performance enhancement on 20 m sprint and CMJ performance in male sprinters.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:22:05Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cqze85ee5c2fw",
  "venue": "BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation",
  "versions": []
}