{
  "abstract": "Self-organized behaviour has been extensively studied in group dynamics in animals, with a strong focus on movement coordination in species like fish and birds. By contrast, far less attention has been paid to vocal interactions within animal groups. Here, we unveil a self-organized vocal behaviour in echolocating bats (Miniopterus fuliginosus), characterized by their adaptive responses to jamming stimuli. Using controlled playback experiments, we identified a mathematical model that describes how bats autonomously adjust their vocal frequencies to avoid signal interference mimicking group echolocation. The model was subsequently extended to simulate a group of bats flying in two-dimensional space. Consistent with previous observations of group-flying bats, the simulation revealed frequency-adjusting behaviour, characterized by an overall increase in frequency differences within the group. Crucially, we demonstrated that this behaviour reduces potential misdetections during echolocation, enhancing group-wide sensory accuracy. These results reveal a mechanism of conflict resolution through self-organized vocal adjustment and establish a parallel with other self-organizing systems in nature. Our findings reveal that this frequency-adjusting behaviour represents a self-organized vocal behaviour that effectively mitigates conflicts within a group, one achieved via simple behavioural rules, as in other types of collective animal behaviour.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Systems Function and Morphology, University of Toyama , Toyama, Japan.",
    "Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.",
    "Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University , Nagoya, Japan.",
    "Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University , Kyoto, Japan.",
    "Meiji Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University - Nakano Campus , Nakano, Tokyo, Japan."
  ],
  "article_type": "research support, non u.s. gov't",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Kazuma Hase",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1315-9056"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Tasuku Miyazaki"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Seiya Oka"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Noriyoshi Senoo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Hiraku Nishimori"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Masashi Shiraishi",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9396-4922"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ken Yoda"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Kohta I Kobayasi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Shizuko Hiryu",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7106-1244"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cr2wmjbw22q9m.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1098/rspb.2026.0921",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13678626",
  "id": "cr2wmjbw22q9m",
  "issns": [
    "0962-8452",
    "1471-2954"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42869478",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1105|Bat Biology and Ecology Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221612818",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13678626?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13678626",
  "pmid": "42869478",
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cr2wmjbw22q9m.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:00Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42869478",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42869478"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1105|Bat Biology and Ecology Studies",
      "subfield": "ecology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Self-organized spectral adjustment in echolocation sounds within group-flying bats.",
  "title_text": "Self-organized spectral adjustment in echolocation sounds within group-flying bats.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:00Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cr2wmjbw22q9m",
  "venue": "Proceedings. Biological sciences",
  "versions": []
}