{
  "abstract": "Perianal infectious wounds form a contaminated, moist, mechanically disturbed repair niche that differs from standard cutaneous wounds. This critical narrative review evaluates whether natural-product pharmacology and extracellular vesicle (EV)-associated miRNA biology can be linked credibly in this setting. A structured PubMed search updated through 29 September 2026, supplemented by Google Scholar citation tracking, identified direct human perianal studies, anatomically relevant and infection-relevant animal studies, and mechanistically relevant in vitro and in silico evidence. Core studies were appraised on two separate axes: clinical/model proximity and methodological credibility, including material identity and taxonomic validity, chemical characterization, exposure, comparators and controls, model fidelity, EV characterization, causal miRNA evidence, and assay-interference risk. Direct human ethnopharmacological evidence now includes several randomized postoperative studies, although blinding, material standardization, comparator quality, endpoint selection, and mechanistic depth remain heterogeneous. Early-phase mesenchymal stromal cell EV studies provide perianal feasibility and fistula-closure signals without controlled comparative efficacy. A 2025 Wugu Qilin study provides direct human treatment-associated evidence from wound-fluid vesicle-enriched miRNA profiling involving miR-93-3p/EIF4EBP1, but it did not demonstrate EV-mediated transfer to recipient cells. Astragaloside IV-conditioned endothelial progenitor-cell EV studies provide stronger nonperianal cargo-level evidence, whereas curcumin-loaded macrophage EVs primarily support vesicle-assisted delivery. No study establishes the full causal sequence from chemically defined natural-product exposure through rigorously characterized EV cargo alteration and transfer of a defined miRNA to a necessary recipient-cell effect and improved healing in an anatomically faithful perianal model. Direct clinical and translational evidence is therefore present, but the natural product-EV-miRNA mechanism remains unproven; the most immediate needs are material standardization, clinically derived wound-fluid EV profiling, mixed-biofilm models, causal cargo perturbation, assay-interference controls, and stage-adapted local delivery.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Xi’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine",
    "Southern Medical University"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wei Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ruizhen Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jiamin Hang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yujie Su"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yulong Ma"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Qiang Song"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Cong Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xi Zhang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cr3kmvdhr5t2e.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2026.1917327",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "cr3kmvdhr5t2e",
  "issns": [
    "1663-9812"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1917327/full",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-29",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cr3kmvdhr5t2e.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:06Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fphar.2026.1917327",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1917327/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "issn:1663-9812",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Natural products and extracellular vesicle-associated miRNA networks in perianal infectious wound healing: a critical ethnopharmacological appraisal",
  "title_text": "Natural products and extracellular vesicle-associated miRNA networks in perianal infectious wound healing: a critical ethnopharmacological appraisal",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T00:21:07Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cr3kmvdhr5t2e",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Pharmacology",
  "versions": []
}