{
  "abstract": "Background: This study aims to calculate the distribution of linear energy transfer (LET) and its moments such as fluence-averaged LET (LETf) and dose-averaged LET (LETd) as a function of on-axis depth in water for monoenergetic carbon-ion beams with energies ranging from 80 to 480 MeV/u. Materials and Methods: Depth-dose profiles, LET distributions, LETf, and LETd are calculated as a function of on-axis depth in a 40 cm × 40 cm × 40 cm unit-density liquid water phantom using the FLUKA Monte Carlo code, fully incorporating the contributions of primary ions and all secondary charged fragments. Results: Results show that both LETf and LETd increase with depth and reach a maximum near the Bragg peak region, followed by a rapid fall-off in the distal region as the fluence of heavy ion fragments decreases. Higher beam energies result in deeper LET peaks and more pronounced fragmentation tails in the depth-dose profiles. In the Bragg peak region, depending on beam energy, the LETf and LETd values are in the range of 11.7–106.4 keV/mm and 210.7–384.6 keV/mm, respectively. Conclusion: Overall, the results provide a comprehensive characterization of physical and radiobiological parameters for monoenergetic carbon-ion beams in the therapeutic energy range, essential for benchmarking LET-based RBE models, improving treatment plan robustness, and optimizing biological dose delivery in carbon-ion radiotherapy.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Arghya Chattaraj"
    },
    {
      "name": "T. Palani Selvam"
    },
    {
      "name": "Vandana Shrivastava"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cr4ws9neay9jd.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.4103/jmp.jmp_140_26",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ovid.com/jnls/jomp/fulltext/10.4103/jmp.jmp_140_26~fluka-monte-carlo-based-evaluation-of-linear-energy-transfer",
  "id": "cr4ws9neay9jd",
  "issns": [
    "0971-6203",
    "1998-3913"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.4103/jmp.jmp_140_26",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-SA",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-SA",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "R895-920"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2740|Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214103212",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-07-01",
  "publisher": "Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cr4ws9neay9jd.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:43:52Z",
      "native_id": "2a7871c535f94c55944fbc1e0f7ade28",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.4103/jmp.jmp_140_26"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2740|Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "FLUKA Monte Carlo-based Evaluation of Linear Energy Transfer Distributions for Monoenergetic Therapeutic Carbon-ion Beams in Water",
  "title_text": "FLUKA Monte Carlo-based Evaluation of Linear Energy Transfer Distributions for Monoenergetic Therapeutic Carbon-ion Beams in Water",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:43:52Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cr4ws9neay9jd",
  "venue": "Journal of Medical Physics",
  "versions": []
}