{
  "abstract": "Background: Pineapple peel (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) is an agricultural waste that contains various secondary metabolites with antimicrobial potential. Objective: This study aimed to formulate a pineapple peel extract into a nano-shampoo preparation and evaluate its physical quality characteristics and antimicrobial activity against Malassezia furfur and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Methods: The nano-shampoo was formulated with three different concentrations of extract: 3% (FI), 6% (FII), and 9% (FIII). Physical quality evaluation included organoleptic observations, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, foam height, and storage stability. Antimicrobial activity was tested in vitro using the agar diffusion method and analyzed. Results: The results showed that all nano-shampoo formulations met the physical quality requirements and exhibited good stability. All formulations demonstrated antimicrobial activity against M. furfur and S. epidermidis, as indicated by the formation of inhibition zones. Statistical analysis showed that the positive control produced significantly larger inhibition zones than all nano-shampoo formulations (p < 0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed among formulations FI, FII, and FIII (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, the 9% extract formulation (FIII) descriptively exhibited the largest inhibition zones among the tested nano-shampoo formulations. Conclusion: Based on these results, pineapple peel extract nano-shampoo has the potential for development as a natural-based preparation with antimicrobial activity, particularly as a supportive alternative for scalp care.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Institut Teknologi dan Kesehatan Bintang Persada",
    "Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Iwan Saka Nugraha"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "I Gede Made Agus Artawiguna"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ida Bagus Putra Mahardika"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "I Gusti Agung Ayu Kartika",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7170-2494"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/crd5stef4xp7a.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.36733/medicamento.v12i2.13819",
  "fulltext_url": "https://e-journal.unmas.ac.id/index.php/baktisaraswati/article/view/2075%0Ahttps:/scholar.google.com/scholar/templates/images/ojs_brand.png/public/journals/21/journalThumbnail_en_US.jpg/plugins/themes/default/js/lib/bootstrap/dropdown.js/public/journals/30/journalThumbnail_en_US.jpg/public/journals/26/journalThumbnail_en_US.jpg/index.php/webinaradat/issue/current/public/journals/57/journalThumbnail_id_ID.png/index.php/Medicamento/article/view/13819",
  "id": "crd5stef4xp7a",
  "issns": [
    "2356-4814"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.36733/medicamento.v12i2.13819",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-SA",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-SA",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "RS1-441"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Pineapple and bromelain studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7225007518",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-01",
  "publisher": "Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/crd5stef4xp7a.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T14:21:05Z",
      "native_id": "7bcbd73b137c43d6bf569c838eaa5d26",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.36733/medicamento.v12i2.13819"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Pineapple and bromelain studies",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Physicochemical Characterization and Dual-Antimicrobial Efficacy of Ananas comosus Peel Extract Nano-Shampoo Against Scalp Pathogens",
  "title_text": "Physicochemical Characterization and Dual-Antimicrobial Efficacy of Ananas comosus Peel Extract Nano-Shampoo Against Scalp Pathogens",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T14:20:31Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/crd5stef4xp7a",
  "venue": "Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento",
  "versions": []
}