{
  "abstract": "Background: Pupuru, a traditionally fermented and smoked-dried cassava (Manihot esculenta) product, is widely consumed in South-Western Nigeria but is limited by low protein content and poor nutritional profile. Objective: This study investigated the proximate composition, mineral profiles, and anti-nutritional factors of Pupuru supplemented with fermented Moringa oleifera seeds at varying inclusion levels. Methods: Fermented cassava mash was supplemented with fermented Moringa oleifera seeds at 0% (control), 1%, 5%, and 10% inclusion levels. The resulting flour blends were analyzed for proximate composition, macro- and micromineral content, and anti-nutritional factors using standard AOAC methods. Results: Supplementation significantly (p<0.05) increased protein (1.43-4.33%), fat (0.28-0.87%), fiber (0.32-0.75%), ash (0.40-1.30%), and moisture (12.57-13.06%) contents while carbohydrate content decreased (84.52-80.20%). Mineral profiles improved significantly across all treatment levels for iron (18.28-22.40 mg/kg), zinc (7.71-12.51 mg/kg), manganese (3.66-8.91 mg/kg), and copper (0.67-1.14 mg/kg). Anti-nutritional factors including phytate (0.27-0.30%), saponin (0.05-0.09%), oxalate (0.13-0.16%), and tannin remained within acceptable limits. Conclusion: Moringa oleifera seed supplementation significantly improved the nutritional quality of Pupuru without compromising its safety profile, presenting a viable strategy for addressing protein-calorie malnutrition and mineral deficiencies in cassava-consuming populations.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "University of Rhode Island"
  ],
  "article_type": "New results",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "G. R. Asefon"
    },
    {
      "name": "F. O. Adetuyi"
    },
    {
      "name": "K. O. Karigidi"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/crmfbqje45s7v.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.10.13.758933",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.13.758933v1.full",
  "id": "crmfbqje45s7v",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.13.758933v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "biorxiv",
      "biochemistry"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1110|Cassava research and cyanide"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223030168",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.13.758933v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-13",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/crmfbqje45s7v.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:28:38Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.10.13.758933",
      "source": "biorxiv",
      "url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.13.758933v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1110|Cassava research and cyanide",
      "subfield": "plant-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Proximate, Mineral and Anti-nutrient Composition of Fermented Cassava Product (Pupuru) Supplemented with Fermented Moringa oleifera Seed.",
  "title_text": "Proximate, Mineral and Anti-nutrient Composition of Fermented Cassava Product (Pupuru) Supplemented with Fermented Moringa oleifera Seed.",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:28:38Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/crmfbqje45s7v",
  "venue": "bioRxiv",
  "versions": []
}