{
  "abstract": "A next generation environmental risk assessment encompasses a more mechanistic approach to understanding toxicity by employing New Approach Methodologies (NAMs). Despite the essential role invertebrates have in maintaining the ecosystem, invertebrate specific traits are often overlooked in development of NAMs. Here we investigate the potential of the Drosophila melanogaster S2 cell line to serve as an insect specific in vitro screening assay coupled to the ecdysone receptor agonism Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP4). The ability of the S2 cells to portray the initial Key Events (KE) of the AOP4 was tested by studying expression profiles of transcription factors involved in early developmental regulation. The results show a dose and time dependent response to ecdysone exposure which is in line with gene expression profile seen in vivo and described in the AOP4. These findings lay the foundation for further development of the invertebrate specific cell-based assay that can be used for early screening of chemicals and offers a mechanistic method for hazard identification contributing to a more relevant and robust mechanistic based risk assessment.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, PB, 6708, Netherlands",
    "Unilever, Colworth House, Colworth Road, Bedford, MK44 1LQ, UK"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Rebeka Đarmati"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "David Gómez-Blanco"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Samantha Hughes"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Paul L Carmichael"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Bruno Campos"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Nico W Van den Brink"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cry0wbch1n2tw.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.namjnl.2026.100147",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13721100/",
  "id": "cry0wbch1n2tw",
  "issns": [
    "3050-6204"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.namjnl.2026.100147",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Full Length Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2307|Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221625591",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13721100",
  "pmid": "42965037",
  "published": "2026-10-13",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cry0wbch1n2tw.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:21:51Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13721100",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.namjnl.2026.100147"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2307|Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Activation of the ecdysone receptor agonism AOP (AOP4) in Drosophila S2 cells: a mechanistic in vitro model",
  "title_text": "Activation of the ecdysone receptor agonism AOP (AOP4) in Drosophila S2 cells: a mechanistic in vitro model",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:21:51Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cry0wbch1n2tw",
  "venue": "NAM journal",
  "versions": []
}