{ "abstract": "Co-occurrence of HIV and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) in sub-Saharan Africa, although less prevalent, is often more serious and exhibits rapid clinical deterioration even with appropriate treatment, jeopardizing efforts to reach regional and global targets. Evidence varies in the region and not reported in some countries. We used data from the nationally representative survey to characterize the burden and determinants of HIV and HBV co-occurrence in Tanzania. This secondary data analysis of the Tanzania HIV Impact Survey (THIS) involved 33,263 individuals aged 15 years and above, randomly selected from 14,966,262 households from 31 regions of Tanzania. The main outcome variable was HIV and HBV coinfections. Analyses were conducted using descriptive analysis, to estimate prevalence of co-occurrences, while Chi-square test used to characterize the burden. Through bivariable and multivariable binomial logistic regression models, we could estimate the associations between different independent variables with HIV-HBV co-occurrence. The burdens of HIV and HBV in the general population were 4.4% and 3.5% respectively. The prevalence of dual HIV and HBV infections was 0.3%. Among people diagnosed with HIV, 6.2% had HBV co-occurrence. After adjusting for confounder and other variables, age was significantly associated with coinfection (aOR = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01–1.03; p < 0.001). Participants who were not in union had significantly higher risk of coinfection compared with those in union (aOR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.01–2.41; p = 0.047). Having one lifetime sexual partner remained strongly protective factor against HIV-HBV coinfection (aOR = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.09–0.42; p < 0.001). Although the burden of HIV/HBV coinfection remains as low as 0.3% in the general population in Tanzania, the risk remains high among older adults and those with multiple sexual partnerships. Integrating HBV screening in all opportunities presented in the successful HIV program may help addressing the dual burden. For effectiveness, more efforts should target people with high-risk sexual behaviors and those with advanced age.", "abstract_shown": true, "affiliations": [ "Department of Community Health, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania", "Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania", "School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania", "Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa" ], "article_type": "Research Article", "arxiv": null, "author_total": 5, "authors": [ { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Felistar Mwakasungura" }, { "affs": [ 1 ], "name": "Alfateresia Mwasangama" }, { "affs": [ 2 ], "name": "Davis Amani" }, { "affs": [ 3 ], "name": "Elias Bukundi" }, { "name": "Bruno Sunguya" } ], "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/crz9pxjc95h5p.bib", "cited_by": 0, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0358242", "fulltext_url": null, "id": "crz9pxjc95h5p", "issns": [ "1932-6203" ], "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0358242", "language": null, "licence": "CC-BY-4.0", "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_source": "journal", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "metadata_licence": null, "native_subjects": [ [ "openalex", "2713|Hepatitis B Virus Studies" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Microbiology/Medical microbiology/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Hepatitis viruses/Hepatitis B virus" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Microbiology/Medical microbiology/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Immunodeficiency viruses/HIV" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Microbiology/Medical microbiology/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Retroviruses/Lentivirus/HIV" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Microbiology/Virology/Viral vaccines/HIV vaccines" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/Immunodeficiency viruses/HIV" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/RNA viruses/Retroviruses/Lentivirus/HIV" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/Viral pathogens/Hepatitis viruses/Hepatitis B virus" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/Viral pathogens/Immunodeficiency viruses/HIV" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/Viral pathogens/Retroviruses/Lentivirus/HIV" ], [ "plos", "/Medicine and health sciences/Diagnostic medicine/Virus testing" ], [ "plos", "/Medicine and health sciences/Epidemiology/HIV epidemiology" ], [ "plos", "/Medicine and health sciences/Epidemiology/Medical risk factors/Cancer risk factors" ], [ "plos", "/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Infectious diseases/Co-infections" ], [ "plos", "/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Infectious diseases/Infectious disease control/Vaccines/Viral vaccines/HIV vaccines" ], [ "plos", "/Medicine and health sciences/Oncology/Cancer risk factors" ], [ "plos", "/Medicine and health sciences/Pathology and laboratory medicine/Pathogens/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Hepatitis viruses/Hepatitis B virus" ], [ "plos", "/Medicine and health sciences/Pathology and laboratory medicine/Pathogens/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Immunodeficiency viruses/HIV" ], [ "plos", "/Medicine and health sciences/Pathology and laboratory medicine/Pathogens/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Retroviruses/Lentivirus/HIV" ], [ "plos", "/People and places/Geographical locations/Africa/Tanzania" ] ], "openalex": "W7212228542", "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0358242&type=printable", "pmcid": null, "pmid": null, "published": "2026-09-11", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/crz9pxjc95h5p.ris", "sources": [ { "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:56Z", "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0358242", "source": "plos", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0358242" } ], "subjects": [ { "field": "biology", "origin": "plos:microbiology", "subfield": "microbiology" }, { "field": "medicine", "origin": "plos:epidemiology", "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health" }, { "field": "medicine", "origin": "plos:infectious diseases", "subfield": "infectious-disease" } ], "title": "HIV and Hepatitis B co-infection in Tanzania: Analysis of the 2022–2023 Tanzania HIV Impact Survey", "title_text": "HIV and Hepatitis B co-infection in Tanzania: Analysis of the 2022–2023 Tanzania HIV Impact Survey", "type": "peer-reviewed", "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:56Z", "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/crz9pxjc95h5p", "venue": "PLOS One", "versions": [] }