{
  "abstract": "Textile finishing increasingly demands sustainable, multifunctional alternatives to synthetic dyes and biocides. This study developed a single-bath, metal-free strategy to simultaneously color and biofunctionalize 100% cotton fabric using Rumex steudelii root extract. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction was optimized by response surface methodology (central composite design, CD); experimental yield ranged from 29.95% to 40.13% across the design space. The desirability-based optimum, selected to minimize temperature, time, and solvent use, was ≈55 °C, 32 min, and a 10 mL/g liquid-to-solid ratio, a predicting yield of 34.51%, which was confirmed experimentally (33.90 ± 0.18%, prediction error 1.77%). LC-MS/MS annotated 27 constituents (24 confirmed with authentic standards), dominated by flavonoids (35.38%), phenolic acids (22.25%), and anthraquinones (19.28%), providing a chemical basis for coupling coloration with bioactivity. Dyeing with the extract alone, or with citric acid or tannic acid as green cross-linkers, produced three distinct, reproducible shades (golden yellow, burnt orange, and earth brown) with color strength (K/S) of 4.42 to 10.34, and washing, rubbing, and light fastness improved to grades of 4/5–5. Cross-linked fabrics achieved excellent UV protection (UPF up to 56) and strong antibacterial activity, reducing Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli counts by up to 99.8 ± 0.23% and 97.3 ± 0.81%, respectively. By integrating RSM-optimized extraction, LC-MS/MS-resolved phytochemical mapping, and single-bath, metal-free cross-linking in one process, this work establishes Rumex steudelii as a promising platform for multifunctional natural textile finishing, with potential for scale-up pending pilot-scale validation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Wollo University , , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Adisu Yirga Abera",
      "orcid": "0009-0000-0074-9474"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fenta Mehabie Kidie"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Seid Shiferaw Yimam"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Leykun Fentaw Mahtemu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cs8r9aa6nvtwp.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1021/acsomega.6c09374",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "cs8r9aa6nvtwp",
  "issns": [
    "2470-1343"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c09374/5453906/Dyeing-and-Multifunctional-Finishing-of-Cotton",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2215|Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222929118",
  "pdf_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.6c09374",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-19",
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society (ACS)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cs8r9aa6nvtwp.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:39Z",
      "native_id": "10.1021/acsomega.6c09374",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c09374/5453906/Dyeing-and-Multifunctional-Finishing-of-Cotton"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "issn:2470-1343",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Dyeing and Multifunctional Finishing of Cotton Fabrics Using Ethiopian Rumex steudelii Root Extract: Response Surface Optimization, LC-MS/MS Phytochemical Profiling, and Antibacterial and UV-Protective Performance",
  "title_text": "Dyeing and Multifunctional Finishing of Cotton Fabrics Using Ethiopian Rumex steudelii Root Extract: Response Surface Optimization, LC-MS/MS Phytochemical Profiling, and Antibacterial and UV-Protective Performance",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:39Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cs8r9aa6nvtwp",
  "venue": "ACS Omega",
  "versions": []
}