{
  "abstract": "Objective This study aims to assess how national laws and policies affecting key populations relate to Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) availability across 40 Asia‑Pacific countries. We use a cross‑national ecological design and secondary UNAIDS data to quantify legal vulnerability and its association with PrEP programme presence and scale. Methods A quantitative ecological analysis was conducted using secondary data submitted by 40 Asia–Pacific countries to UNAIDS. Country-level indicators related to laws, legal protection rights, and participation of KPs in the development of HIV-related policies were extracted. Twenty-two indicators across four key populations—People Who inject Drugs (PWID: 7), female sex workers (FSWs: 4), transgender people (transgender people: 6), and men who have sex with men (MSM: 5)—were used to generate cumulative legal–policy scores for each country. Countries were categorised by reported PrEP availability (available, not available, or not reported). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) assessed differences in mean scores across groups, with Bonferroni post-hoc tests. Results Among the 40 countries, 12 reported PrEP availability, 14 reported non-availability, and 14 did not report PrEP status. Mean cumulative legal–policy scores (maximum = 22) were 8.92, 10.07, and 1.71, respectively. ANOVA showed statistically significant differences across groups, driven primarily by countries with non-reported PrEP data. Conclusions This ecological analysis suggests that non-reporting of PrEP and legal–policy indicators emerged as a structurally suggestive signal, pointing to possible links with unfavourable legal contexts and limited prevention readiness rather than neutral data gaps.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada",
    "Kartavya Disha Global Foundation",
    "Department of Public Health Dentistry, Goa Dental College",
    "Timori Kyomu Research and Innovation"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Marcelo Amaral Mali"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Abhishek Royal"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Vaibhav Kumar"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Atrey J. Pai Khot"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Nelsensius Klau Fauk"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ctp9wvkrkqza9.bib",
  "cited_by": 1,
  "doi": "10.1007/s44155-026-00459-7",
  "fulltext_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s44155-026-00459-7",
  "id": "ctp9wvkrkqza9",
  "issns": [
    "2731-0469"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s44155-026-00459-7",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "H"
    ],
    [
      "lcc",
      "RA1-1270"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2725|HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7171062595",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-07-01",
  "publisher": "Springer",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ctp9wvkrkqza9.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:46:19Z",
      "native_id": "36f72e6b051f4082aa759dee9f74320d",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s44155-026-00459-7"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2725|HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions",
      "subfield": "infectious-disease"
    }
  ],
  "title": "An ecological analysis of legal policy environments and reported pre exposure prophylaxis availability for key populations in Asia Pacific countries",
  "title_text": "An ecological analysis of legal policy environments and reported pre exposure prophylaxis availability for key populations in Asia Pacific countries",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:46:19Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ctp9wvkrkqza9",
  "venue": "Discover Social Science and Health",
  "versions": []
}