{
  "abstract": "Direct satellite-to-device (DS2D) communication is emerging as a transformative paradigm for extending ubiquitous connectivity and edge computing capabilities to remote and underserved regions within 6G non-terrestrial networks. However, practical deployment faces dual critical challenges: i) dynamic satellite channel conditions (e.g., severe Doppler shifts, fast fading) and constrained satellite computing resources in cooperative scenarios; and ii) unauthorized satellite access introduces significant spectrum security threats in non-cooperative scenarios. To address these challenges, we propose a versatile DS2D system that supports cooperative task offloading and non-cooperative access monitoring. For cooperative DS2D communications, we integrate a channel estimation module with a dueling double deep Q-network (D3QN) to dynamically optimize task offloading strategy. For non-cooperative DS2D communications, we propose Transformer-based models to enable blind signal detection and automatic modulation classification (AMC). Simulation results show that: 1) The D3QN algorithm reduces average latency by up to 225\\% compared to static association policies. 2) Our signal detection model achieves an average presence detection probability of 90.5\\% for DS2D signals. 3) The proposed AMC algorithm achieves superior performance across different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), with a 9.4\\% accuracy gain in low-SNR regimes compared to existing methods.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.02955",
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Sai Huang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wanli Ni"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ke Lv"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pengcheng Zhang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yurui Zheng"
    },
    {
      "name": "Menghan Zhang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zihui Gong"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zhiyong Feng"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cw9zd6r4zs6sj.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.02955",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "cw9zd6r4zs6sj",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.02955",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cs.IT"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "eess.SP"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "math.IT"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.02955",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-02",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cw9zd6r4zs6sj.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:36Z",
      "native_id": "2609.02955",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.02955"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "mathematics",
      "origin": "arxiv:math.IT",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Direct Satellite-to-Device Communications: From Cooperative Task Offloading to Non-Cooperative Access Monitoring",
  "title_text": "Direct Satellite-to-Device Communications: From Cooperative Task Offloading to Non-Cooperative Access Monitoring",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:36Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cw9zd6r4zs6sj",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": [
    {
      "doi": "10.1109/mvt.2026.3720837",
      "pid": null,
      "relation": "published-as",
      "title": null,
      "venue": null
    }
  ]
}