{
  "abstract": "Context:: Ultramarathon events impose prolonged physiological and cognitive demands, often spanning 1 or more nights with limited sleep opportunity.\n\nObjective:: To examine associations between pre-race and intra-race sleep strategies and physical and cognitive performance outcomes in ultramarathon runners.\n\nData Sources:: PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to July 25, 2025.\n\nStudy Selection:: Primary observational or experimental studies published in English, or available in English translation were eligible when they involved ultramarathon runners (>42.2 km) and reported sleep as a variable of interest in relation to race performance or cognitive performance.\n\nStudy Design:: Systematic review.\n\nLevel of Evidence:: Level 3.\n\nData Extraction:: Two reviewers independently extracted study design, participant characteristics, race characteristics, sleep outcomes, performance outcomes, and cognitive outcomes. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklists.\n\nResults:: Nine studies involving 2262 participants were included, with overall low risk of bias. Of the 4 studies examining pre-race sleep, 3 reported a significant association or group difference with a race-performance outcome. Reduced sleep was generally associated with poorer physical and cognitive performance. Greater intra-race sleep duration was consistently associated with longer finish times, reflecting additional nonmoving time and increased sleep need in longer events. Greater pre-race sleep duration, including sleep extension, was associated with faster finish times, and better pre-race sleep quality was linked to higher cognitive performance.\n\nConclusion:: Pre-race sleep extension was associated with faster finish times, although the observational evidence does not establish causality. Further research using objective sleep measures and controlled designs is required.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Physiotherapy Department, Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia",
    "Physiotherapy Department, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia",
    "Griffith University, School of Allied Health, Sport and Social Work, Parklands Drive, Southport Gold Coast Queensland, Australia",
    "Doctor of Physiotherapy Student, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia"
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Daniel A. Brown",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1077-4021"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Jason Parreira"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Katie Spencer"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Serena Skinner"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wataru Goto"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Larissa Sattler",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6023-8182"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cwdadg5ssa2z1.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1177/19417381261494498",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13719688/",
  "id": "cwdadg5ssa2z1",
  "issns": [
    "1941-7381",
    "1941-0921"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/19417381261494498",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3205|Sleep and related disorders"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224295155",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13719688",
  "pmid": "42952135",
  "published": "2026-10-28",
  "publisher": "SAGE Publications",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cwdadg5ssa2z1.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-02T12:23:36Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13719688",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/19417381261494498"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:F27",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Sleep Strategies and Performance Outcomes in Ultramarathon Runners: A Systematic Review",
  "title_text": "Sleep Strategies and Performance Outcomes in Ultramarathon Runners: A Systematic Review",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:20:43Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cwdadg5ssa2z1",
  "venue": "Sports Health",
  "versions": []
}