{
  "abstract": "Sepsis is life-threatening, yet diagnosis remains a major global challenge because existing approaches lack speed and accuracy. Here we show that label-free imaging cytometry of 10 {micro}L whole-blood samples by Remoscope rapidly distinguishes patients with sepsis from those with non-infectious critical illness and healthy controls. In a prospective study of 29 critically ill adults, multi-physician adjudication identified sepsis (n=13), non-infectious critical illness (n=12), and indeterminate status (n=4); these patients were compared to healthy controls (n=22). A multiple instance learning (MIL) model pooled unbiased features from thousands of blood images per patient. Optimized for rule-out, the three-class model detected sepsis with 100% sensitivity and 85.3% specificity. Class activation heatmaps, unsupervised single cell embeddings, and morphometrics converged on abnormal leukocyte and erythrocyte morphology, including immature neutrophil-like cells. Label-free whole-blood imaging with MIL detects sepsis-associated hematologic signatures without stains or cold chain, establishing a foundation for rapid critical care diagnostics.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Biohub"
  ],
  "article_type": "PUBLISHAHEADOFPRINT",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "N. Bratvold"
    },
    {
      "name": "I. Jeyakumar"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Khoo"
    },
    {
      "name": "G. Suematsu"
    },
    {
      "name": "O. Chao"
    },
    {
      "name": "T. Shwartzman"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. Willmore"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. Hutchinson"
    },
    {
      "name": "C. Calfee"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Matthay"
    },
    {
      "name": "N. Spottiswoode"
    },
    {
      "name": "C. Langelier"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "P. Lebel"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cxbwzxkv2j3b6.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.10.08.26364716",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.08.26364716v1.full",
  "id": "cxbwzxkv2j3b6",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.08.26364716v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "medrxiv",
      "intensive care and critical care medicine"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2713|Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221467866",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.08.26364716v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-08",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cxbwzxkv2j3b6.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:38Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.10.08.26364716",
      "source": "medrxiv",
      "url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.08.26364716v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2713|Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Rapid Sepsis Diagnosis in Critically Ill Adults with Remoscope Label-Free Whole-Blood Imaging",
  "title_text": "Rapid Sepsis Diagnosis in Critically Ill Adults with Remoscope Label-Free Whole-Blood Imaging",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:38Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cxbwzxkv2j3b6",
  "venue": "medRxiv",
  "versions": []
}