{
  "abstract": "Parkinson's disease (PD) has been historically defined as a disease of striatal dopamine deficiency secondary to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, related to the presence of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. Since the discovery of pathogenic variants in the gene encoding α-synuclein, as well as the finding that α-synuclein is a major constituent of Lewy pathology, PD is considered as a prototypical synucleinopathy. However, neuropathological studies consistently show that most people with PD display copathologies, many of which are linked to specific clinical features and outcomes. In this review, we summarize the spectrum and frequency of these co- and multi-pathologies in idiopathic and genetic PD and their impact on disease initiation and progression. Additionally, we also discuss how this multi-pathological landscape may impact biomarker research and the implementation of emerging disease-modifying therapies. © 2026 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal) Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales Madrid Spain",
    "Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria HM Hospitales Madrid Spain",
    "Lundbeck Foundation Parkinson's Disease Research Center (PACE) Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark",
    "Faculty of Pharmacy University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan",
    "Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine and Medical Science University College Dublin Dublin Ireland",
    "Barrow Neurological Institute Phoenix Arizona USA",
    "JPG Enterprises Medical Division Chicago Illinois USA",
    "Centre for Healthy Brain Aging (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health UNSW Sydney Sydney Australia",
    "Human Brain and Tissue Bank, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China",
    "Institute of Neurogenetics University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany",
    "Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden",
    "Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada",
    "Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada",
    "Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada",
    "Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig‐Holstein Campus Kiel and Christian Albrechts‐University of Kiel Kiel Germany",
    "ASU‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center Tempe Arizona USA",
    "School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA"
  ],
  "article_type": "review",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Michele Matarazzo",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2907-8667"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Per Borghammer",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6391-8052"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Inas Elsayed",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4646-8218"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Jennifer G. Goldman",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5014-7535"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Yue Huang",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6051-2241"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Katja Lohmann",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5121-1460"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Per Svenningsson",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6727-3802"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11,
        12,
        13
      ],
      "name": "Lorraine V. Kalia",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9384-1305"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        14
      ],
      "name": "Daniela Berg",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5796-5442"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        15,
        16
      ],
      "name": "Jeffrey H. Kordower",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8629-3294"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cxwv0kcq2mj23.bib",
  "cited_by": 11,
  "doi": "10.1002/mds.70324",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "cxwv0kcq2mj23",
  "issns": [
    "0885-3185",
    "1531-8257"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.70324",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2728|Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments"
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  "openalex": "W7162115761",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13518271",
  "pmid": "42170815",
  "published": "2026-05-22",
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cxwv0kcq2mj23.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:26:56Z",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.70324"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2728|Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments",
      "subfield": "neurology"
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  ],
  "title": "Co‐ and Multi‐Pathologies in Parkinson's Disease: An International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Scientific Issues Committee Review",
  "title_text": "Co‐ and Multi‐Pathologies in Parkinson's Disease: An International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Scientific Issues Committee Review",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T13:21:16Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cxwv0kcq2mj23",
  "venue": "Movement Disorders",
  "versions": []
}